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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Endocrine Review > Flashcards

Endocrine Review Flashcards

1
Q

3 circumstances of human physiology that would cause an increase in epo ?

A

Decrease of blood oxygen, COPD, Drug use, Toxemia, Liver failure, Cancer

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2
Q

Which hormone is made by fat cells produces feeling of satiety?

A

Leptin

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3
Q

5 ways that cells communicate?

A

Gap junctions, Neurotransmitter, Hormones, desmosome

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4
Q

Which hormone made by the kidneys increase red cell production

A

Erythropoietin

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5
Q

What is a zeitgeber 2 examples?

A

Time keeper, smell touch taste sound

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6
Q

Which cells in the pineal gland makes melatonin?

A

Pinealocytes

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7
Q

How do individuals communicate?

A

Pheromones

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8
Q

What is the neurotransmitter precursors for synthesis of melatonin?

A

Serotonin

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9
Q

What is the amino acid precursor to the synthesis of melatonin ?

A

Tryptophan

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10
Q

What’s the proper name for pineal gland?

A

Epiphysis cerebri

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11
Q

2 differences between endocrine and exocrine?

A

Endocrine has no ducts and uses blood stream, Exocrine has extracellular effects and dispensed on surfaces

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12
Q

Which endocrine gland makes atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

Heart

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13
Q

Which small polypeptide is less than 200 amino acids in length?

A

insulin or oxytocin

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14
Q

Which lipid derived product is from fatty acid base?

A

Prostaglandins or leukotrienes

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15
Q

Tyrosine is a precursor for which hormones?

A

Epinephrine, dopamine, thyroid hormone

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16
Q

Which lipid derived or steroid hormones come from cholesterol ?

A

estradiol , testosterone, calcitriol

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17
Q

Most common second messenger in the human body?

A

cAMP

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18
Q

What are the 3 basic types of second messengers?

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, various gases

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19
Q

What’s special about calcium in the second messenger system?

A

Can be a secondary messenger or recruit second messenger

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20
Q

Where are t lymphocytes originally produced ?

A

Bone marrow

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21
Q

What is hormone that thymus produces?

A

Thymosins

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22
Q

Identify 3 things ovaries produce?

A

Progesterone, Estrogen, Inhibin

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23
Q

3 effects of testosterone in males?

A

Stimulates growth of penis and testes , Promotes muscle growth, male secondary characteristics

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24
Q

Which type of diabetes requires insulin?

A

Type 1

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25
4 hormones that come from the hypothalamus?
PRH, PIH, GHRH, GHIH
26
Which type of diabetes is genetic and juvenile onset ?
Type 1
27
4 symptoms of diabetes?
Frequent urination, Excessive hunger or thirst, excessive sugar in urine, Blurred vision, Slow healing sores
28
What do delta cells produce?
Somatostatin
29
How many nuclei exist in hypothalamus?
9
30
Which cells of the pancreas make insulin?
Beta cells
31
The 2% of the pancreas that is endocrine in nature are known as the?
islets of langerhans
32
Anterior pituitary gland also known as the?
Adenohypophysis
33
Posterior pituitary is known as?
Neurohypophysis
34
What is the function of LH in females?
Ovulation and synthesis of progesterone
35
Function of FSH in males ?
spermatogenesis and inhibin
36
Prolactin In females?
Milk synthesis
37
Function of TSH?
Growth of thyroid
38
What causes the anterior pituitary gland to release POMC?
Stress
39
Identify whether or not arginine vasopressin causes
vasoconstriction
40
Which cells do calcitonin promotes function of?
Osteoblast
41
Zona faciculata produces which hormone?
Cortisol
42
Which cells of the pancreas produce secretions for digestive enzymes ?
polypeptide cells
43
When does testosterone synthesis began in males?
Fetal development
44
2 functions of progesterone?
Uterus Lining to thicken, maintain pregnancy, regulates menstrual
45
What does liver make that indirectly promotes function of GH?
IGF(insulin like growth factor)
46
What condition causes chronic polyuria and hyposecretion of ADH ?
diabetes insipidus
47
3 symptoms of hyperinsulinism?
Weakness, hunger, hypoglycemia, insulin shock’
48
Normal level of blood glucose?
70-110 per 100 ml of blood
49
Males have testes that are secreting testosterone but lacks receptors for what it what condition does he have?
androgens insensitivity syndrome
50
Brittles bones, renal calculi, high blood calcium level from excessive PTH release?
Hyperparathyroidism
51
Individual over the age of 40 that are overweight typically have what type of diabetes?
Type 2
52
Weight gain in the trunk of the body but not arms and legs?
Cushing's syndrome
53
When adrenal gland become unresponsive to ACTH no cortisol is being produced and access POMC is causing bronzing of the skin what condition exists?
Addison's disease
54
Which portion of adrenal cortex makes mineralocorticoids?
Glomurolsa
55
2 products of adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
56
What is an antagonist to calcitonin?
PTH
57
4 symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Bulging eyes, Insomnia, Night sweats, Hyperactivity, Enlargement of thyroid
58
An exothalmic goiter as seen in graves disease can cause which endocrine disorder?
Hyperthyroidism
59
3 side effects of hypothyroidism?
Weight gain, Loss of hair, Cold intolerance
60
Low blood levels of thyroid hormone which endocrine disorder is it?
hypothyroidism
61
Besides t3 and t4 what other hormone does the thyroid gland produce?
Calcitonin
62
Beside thyroglobulin what else is needed to produce t3 and t4?
Iodine
63
What are the side effects of ginatism?
Poor health, increased height, poor heart function
64
Which condition is when there is too little growth hormone released before epiphyseal plates close?
Pituitary dwarfism
65
What condition is when there too much GH after epiphyseal plates have closed?
Acromegaly
66
What is the name of the tract that connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland?
Tubersinerium
67
Identify all hormones made by interior?
TSH ACTH FSH LH PRL MSH GH
68
Functions of oxytocin in females ?
Labor contractions, Production of milk
69
Identify effect of oxytocin in males?
Assists with ejaculation/ social hormone
70
What does posterior pituitary gland produce?
Nothing
71
Identify 4 functions of hypothalamus?
Body Temp, Hunger, Thirst, Heartbeat, Water balance, Glandular secretions
72
Peptide hormones affect existing proteins within the cell what do steroid hormones effect within the cell?
Rate of transcription
73
What specific piece of the dna do lipid soluble hormones bind to?
The hormone responsive element (hre)
74
What do peptide hormones need to reach and identify targets?
Secondary messengers
75
What type of receptors do steroid hormones/lipid soluble hormones bind to?
Intracellular receptors
76
What is the difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones?
peptide hormones are water soluble and steroids hormones are lipid soluble
77
What's a pheromone?
Chemical signal that influences behavior of other individuals

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (3 decks)

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