Urinary, Post Abdominal Wall/Pelvic cavity etc. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of the urinary system?

A

Kidney
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

Waste elimination
Blood pressure, electrolytes, pH, blood volume, metabolite regulation
RBC formation by kidney
Calcitriol (vitD) Synthesis

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3
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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4
Q

What calyces surround the apices of the renal pyramids? (4-13 in number)

A

MINOR calyces

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5
Q

What calyces represent the confluence of several minor calyces? (2-3 in number)

A

MAJOR calyces

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6
Q

What is the concavity of the kidney/ contains the calyces, vessels, nerves, lymphatics and fat

A

Renal sinus

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7
Q

______ are retroperitoneal and embedded in a variable amount of fat

A

The kidneys

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8
Q

What divides the renal fat into 2 portions?

A

Renal fascia

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9
Q

What are the 2 portions of renal fascia?

A

Pararenal fat
Perirenal fat

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10
Q

What is the fat outside the renal fascia?

A

pararenal fat

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11
Q

What is the fat between the renal fascia and the kidney?

A

Perirenal fat

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12
Q

What is located between T12 and L2/L3 in the supine position?

A

The kidneys

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13
Q

____ kidney is slightly lower than the _____ due to what?

A

Right; left; the liver

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14
Q

In both male and females what crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery at the pelvic brim?

A

Pelvic portion of ureters

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15
Q

More specifically in females what passes under the broad ligament?

A

Pelvic portion of ureters

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16
Q

what is responsible for drainage of urine during fetal development?

A

Urachus

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17
Q

Where does the urachus terminate?

A

at the belly button/naval

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18
Q

what lies posteriorly to pubic symphysis, rising when empty to approximately the level of the pelvic inlet (brim)

A

Bladder

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19
Q

What are the 4 surfaces of the bladder?

A

Superior
(2) inferolateral
Posterior (base)

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20
Q

What is the portion of the bladder at the junction of the inferolateral and superior surface.
The Median ligament and umbilical ligament arise here and extends to the umbilicus.

A

Apex of bladder

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21
Q

Uretrs enter here

A

Superior-lateral angles of bladder

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22
Q

Junction of inferolateral and posterior surfaces; surrounds internal urethral orifice; sits upon pelvic diaphragm (female) and the base of prostate(male).

A

Neck of bladder

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23
Q

Internal urethral sphincter/sphincter viscerae constrict the internal urethral orifice at what part of the bladder?

A

Neck of the bladder

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24
Q

Potential space between bladder and pubic bones; Its filled with C.T.

A

Retropubic space

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25
Q

What space is between bladder and rectum in males?

A

Rectovesical pouch

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26
Q

Between bladder and uterus in females

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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27
Q

Made of smooth muscle, “Detrusor Muscle”

A

Muscular wall of bladder

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28
Q

Internal triangular area located on the posterior wall, between the orifices of the ureters superiorly, and the internal urethral orifice inferiorly

A

Vesical Trigone

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29
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Vesical Trigone?

A

Interureteric ridge (fold)
Trigonal muscle

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30
Q

Forms the superior border of the trigone muscle between ureteric orifices

A

Interureteric ridge

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31
Q

A special layer of smooth muscle associated with the trigone muscle

A

Trigonal muscle

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32
Q

Derived from the longitudinal smooth muscle of the ureters

A

Trigonal muscle

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33
Q

Capacity of the bladder is what?

A

Approx. 500mL without over distention

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34
Q

What is the physiological capacity of the bladder (urge to pee is felt when)?

A

200-350 mL

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35
Q

What muscle is responsible for the expansion of the bladder?

A

Detrouser muscle

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36
Q

What arteries supply the bladder?

A

Superior, middle and inferior vesical arteries

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37
Q

What is the path of venous drainage?

A

Dense venous plexus around base and neck of bladder, vagina, and prostate vesical-vaginal plexus –> internal iliac vein vesical prostatic plexus –> internal iliac vein –> common iliac vein

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38
Q

What is the nerve supply from pelvic splanchnics (motor to smooth muscle)

A

Parasympathetic (carries both symp and para symp, ACh and Epinephrine)

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39
Q

What is the nerve supply for primary course from hypogastric plexus (vasoconstriction)

A

Sympathetics

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40
Q

Extends from internal urethral orifice at neck of bladder TO external urethral orifice in vestibule of labia minora (opens directly to anterior to vagina orifice)

A

Female urethra

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41
Q

Deep to perineal space, it is surrounded by the external urethral sphincter (sphincter urethrae) - Voluntary

A

Female urethra

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42
Q

Extends from internal urethral orifice at neck of bladder to external urethral meatus at glans penis

A

Male urethra

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43
Q

Has multipurpose: voids bladder, ejaculation

A

Male urethra

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44
Q

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

Pre-prostatic urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile (spongy) urethra

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45
Q

What is the flow of urine?

A

Nephron –> collecting duct –> Minor calyces –> major calyces –> Ureter –> Bladder –> urethra

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46
Q

What is the muscle activated during a kegal?

A

Transversus abdominis (NI = Iliohypogastric)

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47
Q

Psoas minor isn’t involved in what and why?

A

Hip flexion because it doesn’t cross the hip. Its a weak trunk flexor.

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48
Q

Runs on anterior surface of QL. It communicates with iliohypogastric N and also innervates pyramidalis and skin over the hip. What nerve is this?

A

T12/Subcostal Nerve

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49
Q

What two nerves combined create the L1 nerve?

A

Iliohypogastric (largest of the 2)
Ilioinguinal

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50
Q

Internal and transverse abdomen. Skin over lateral gluteal region.
Usually pierces transverse abdomen and splits between that muscle and internal oblique. What nerve is this?

A

Iliohypogastric

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51
Q

Follows similar path as iliohypogastric n.
Skin over root of penis, upper part of scrotum (m), skin over mons pubis and labia majora. What nerve is this?

A

Ilioinguinal

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52
Q

Anterolateral skin of thigh and gets entrapped at meralgia paresthetica

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous N (L2,3)

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53
Q

What are the two branches of the genitofemoral N

A

Genital branch and femoral branch

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54
Q

Passes through deep inguinal ring to inguinal canal.
Males - cremaster mm, skin of scrotum
Females - travels with round lig of uterus –> skin of mons, labia majora.
What nerve/branch is this?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral n

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55
Q

Passes under inguinal lig –> skin of upper, anterior medial thigh, inside groin.
What nerve/branch is this?

A

Femoral branch of genitofemoral n

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56
Q

Inner walls of the true (minor) pelvis are partially lined by what skeletal muscle?

A

Obturator internus and Piriformis

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57
Q

The levator ani arises in part from what line?

A

Arcus tendineus

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58
Q

Floor of pelvis is formed by skeletal mm termed the ___________

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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59
Q

What are the pelvis diaphragm components?

A

Levator ani MM
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
- iliococcygeus
(Ischio-)Coccygeus Muscle

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60
Q

what muscle is innervated by branches of the pudendal plexus, containing S4 fibers;

A

Levator Ani Muscles

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61
Q

What muscle is Anterior to rectum, left and right portions are separated from each other by a bridge of connective tissue: The urethra of both sexes and vagina of the female pass through this connective tissue
Pubic bone —> coccyx

A

Pubococcygeus

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62
Q

What muscle is the most medial part of the pubococcygeus; forms a sling around the anorectal junction, thus drawing the junction forward. Relaxes w a squatty potty

A

Puborectalis

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63
Q

What muscle goes from arcus tendineus –> coccyx

A

Iliococcygeus

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64
Q

The blood vessels of the pelvis are all derived from what? with what exceptions?

A

Internal iliac artery and vein
Exceptions: middle sacral and superior rectal arteries

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65
Q

The smallest of the two terminal branches of the common iliac. Arises at the level of lumbosacral articulations. Descends into the pelvis along the posterolateral wall to upper border of the piriformis mm. Here divides into anterior and posterior trunks. What artery is this?

A

Internal iliac (hypogastric) artery

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66
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Posterior Trunk of Internal Iliac –> Parietal branches to pelvic wall

A

Iliolumbar artery
Lateral sacral arteries
Superior Gluteal artery

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67
Q

Ascending behind the common iliac to the medial border of the psoas muscle where ____ divides into lumbar branch –> psoas and QL - iliac branch –> iliacus

A

Iliolumbar artery

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68
Q

Descends along the sacrum medial to the anterior sacral foramina giving off branches which enter these foramina to supply the structures of the vertebral canal, then continue on through the posterior sacral foramina to supply the skin of muscles of the dorsal sacrum. What artery is this?

A

Lateral sacral arteries

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69
Q

The terminal continuation of the posterior trunk. It leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle –> Piriformis, obturator internus, all gluteal muscles and hip joint. Meets with superior gluteal nerve. What artery is this?

A

Superior gluteal artery

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70
Q

Visceral branches of the pelvic cavity descending from its origin along the lateral pelvic wall, the anterior trunk gives off all the pelvic visceral branches

A

Anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

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71
Q

Anterior trunk of internal iliac artery gives off what branches

A

Obturator artery
Vaginal artery
Umbilical artery
Uterine artery
Middle Vesicle artery
Middle rectal
Inferior Vesical artery
Inferior Gluteal artery
Internal Pudendal artery
Superior vesicle artery

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72
Q

Inside pelvis –> iliacus, bladder, pubis outside pelvis –> leaves pelvis via obturator canal –> medial compartment muscles and hip joint. What artery is this?

A

Obturator artery

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73
Q

Has superior vesical artery and middle vesicle artery branches that both go to the bladder

A

Umbilical artery

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74
Q

Artery going to the vagina

A

Vaginal Artery

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75
Q

What vein participates in the formation of the ascending lumbar vein of the abdominal region?

A

Iliolumbar vein.

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76
Q

What allows the spread of blood-borne infections or metastatic tumor cells directly to the spinal column and the bony pelvis from the pelvic viscera?

A

Well developed connections between the visceral veins of the pelvis

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77
Q

The anastomotic channels premit collateral circulation to the pelvic viscera in the event of an occlusion of the ________

A

Internal iliac artery

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78
Q

Cruciate anastomosis of the lower extremity involves:

A

Inferior gluteal artery
The 1st perforating branch of the profunda femoris
Lat. and med.femoral circumflex arteries

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79
Q

Diamond shaped area between the thighs, extending from the pubis to the coccyx. Bound by both bony and ligamentous structure.

A

The perineum

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80
Q

What are the ligamentous structures the peritoneum are bound by?

A

Pubis - anteriorly
Ischiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities - anterolateral
Coccyx and caudal part of sacrum - posteriorly
Sacrotuberous ligaments - from sacrum to ischial tuberosities, posteriorly

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81
Q

Superiorly, the perineum is seperated from the pelvic cavity by what?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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82
Q

The diamond shaped perineum can be divided into what two triangles?

A

Anal triangle
Urogenital triangle

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83
Q

Lying posterior to an imaginary line passing through the ischial tuberosity

A

Anal triangle

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84
Q

The area anterior to an imaginary line passing through the ischial tuberosities

A

Urogenital triangle

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85
Q

Boundaries of the anal triangle

A

Posterolateral - sacrotuberous lig
Anterior - imaginary line passing through the ischial tuberosities
Superior - inferior aspect of pelvic diaphragm
Lateral walls - obturator internus muscle
Inferior - skin and superficial fascia of perineum

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86
Q

The spaces within the bony and muscular limits of the anal triangle are the __________

A

Ischioanal fossae

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87
Q

voluntary skeletal muscle surrounding the anal canal and extending from the lower surface of the levator ani to the inferior limit of the anal canal

A

External anal sphincter

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88
Q

What are the 3 layers of the external anal sphincter?

A

Subcutaneous fibers
Superficial fibers
Deep fibers

89
Q

main part, originates from the anococcygeal raphe, splits to enclose the anal canal, then inserts into the perineal body/central tendon of the perineum.

A

Superficial fibers of the external anal sphincter

90
Q

Completely encircle the anal canal, fibers blend with puborectalis superiorly

A

Deep fibers of the external anal sphincter

91
Q

What fibers are the most important component of the external anal sphincter?

A

Deep fibers

92
Q

Vessels of the anal triangle are derived from the _______________

A

Internal pudendal artery and vein

93
Q

The vessels leave the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen, then dorsally cross the ischial spine and pass through the lesser sciatic foramen. At this point they are located high on the lateral wall of the anal triangle, within the pudendal canal. What vessels are these?

A

Vessels of the anal triangle

94
Q

A fascial canal formed by the splitting of the obturator fascia. The nerves and vessels of the anal and UG regions transverse this canal to attain their respective areas.

A

Pudendal (alcocks) canal

95
Q

what artery passes through the anal region and gives off the inferior rectal artery and perineal artery?

A

Internal pudendal artery

96
Q

Arises almost immediately after the internal pudendal artery and enters the canal, passes through the ischioanal fossa to external anal sphincter, anal canal, and skin about the anal orfice

A

inferior rectal artery

97
Q

what artery gives rise to the transverse perineal artery, posterior scrotal/posterior labial artery?

A

Perineal artery

98
Q

Arises from internal pudendal near the posterior edge of the perineal membrane

A

Perineal artery

99
Q

To anterior anal region and superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

Transverse perineal artery

100
Q

Artery to respective regions of external genitalia

A

Posterior scrotal/labial artery

101
Q

After giving off these branches, the _________________ then continues into the anterior recess of the UG triangle. It later enters the deep perineal space and ends by dividing into deep and dorsal arteries of the clitoris or penis.

A

Internal pudendal artery

102
Q

From its origin in the pelvis to the pudendal canal, this nerve follows essentially the same course as the internal pudendal vessels.

A

pudendal nerve (s2-s4)

103
Q

What are the 2 major nerve branches the pudendal nerve gives off?

A

Inferior rectal nerve and perineal nerve

104
Q

What nerve passes through the ischioanal fossa to external anal sphincter, skin aound anal orifice and clinical anal canal (area below pectinate line)

A

Inferior rectal nerve

105
Q

Perineal nerve gives off what 2 nerve branches?

A

Posterior labial/scrotal nerve and deep branches

106
Q

Nerve to the labium majora and scrotum

A

Posterior labial/scrotal nerve

107
Q

Nerve to skin of posterior part of anal triangle. It may also contribute to motor innervation of the external anal sphnicter

A

Perineal branch of S4

108
Q

To the lateral most aspect of the anal and UG regions and upper medial aspect of the thighs

A

Perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

109
Q

Occupies the anterior portion of the perineum, being bounded anteriorly by the pubis, laterally by ischiopubic rami, and posteriorly by an imaginary line passing through the ischial tuberosities

A

Urogenital triangle

110
Q

Sheet of tough, deep fascia extending between the two ischiopubic rami, from the pubis anteriorly to the ischial tuberosities posteriorly.

A

The perineal membrane

111
Q

Anteriorly the _____________ does not extend all the way to the symphysis pubis.

A

The Perineal membrane

112
Q

In the perineal membrane there is a slight gap between the _____________ and ______________.

A

Transverse perineal ligament and the inferior (arcuate) pubic ligament.

113
Q

What vein enters the pelvis through the slight gap between the transverse perineal lig. and inferior (arcuate) pubic lig.?

A

The deep dorsal vein of the clitoris/penis

114
Q

Space located above the perineal membrane filled with skeletal muscle and is open superiorly

A

Deep perineal space/pouch

115
Q

What two muscles make up the muscles of the Deep perineal space/pouch

A

External urethral sphincter and Deep transverse perineal muscles

116
Q

Surrounding the membranous urethra. In females there are additional subdivisions of this muscle

A

External urethral sphincter

117
Q

muscle making up the posterior portion of the deep perineal space

A

Deep transverse perineal muscle

118
Q

Embedded within the external urethral sphincter and/or deep transverse perineal muscles of the male are the

A

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands

119
Q

The presence of the deep perineal fascia creates _______________

A

The superficial perineal space

120
Q

Whe superficial perineal space (pouch) is bounded by:

A

Superiorly - Perineal membrane
Inf. and posteriorly - Deep perineal fascia
Laterally - ischiopubic rami
Anteriorly - by attachment of deep perineal fascia to pubic bone

121
Q

The penis is formed by the union of what 3 masses of erectile tissue arising in the UG triangle?

A

2 corpora cavernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum

122
Q

lying in the midline, adherent to the perineal membrane. Its most posterior part, the bulb, receives the urethra and remains open during sex.

A

Corpus Spongiosum

123
Q

Forming the crura of the penis. These bodies arise from the ischiopubic rami and adjacent perineal membrane. Makes the penis hard/ridgid during sex

A

Corpora Cavernosa

124
Q

In addition to the attachment via the bulb and the crura, the penis is also supported by the ___________ and ____________

A

Suspensory ligament and fundiform ligament

125
Q

Derived from the deep fascia of the lower abdomen; arises just inferior to the lower end of the linea alba and inserts into the deep fascia of the penis

A

Suspensory ligament

126
Q

Derived from the deep layer of the superficial fascia (Scarpas fascia) of the abdomen; it passes lateral to the suspensory ligament and inserts into the dorsum and sides of the superficial fascia of the pensi

A

Fundiform ligament

127
Q

Arise from the ischial tuberosities, insert onto and support the perineal body

A

Suspensory ligament and fundiform ligament

128
Q

Arising from the perineal body and perineal membrane. Most of the fibers insert on a midline raphe on the ventral surface of the corpus spongiosum. The most anteriorly placed fibers swing anteriorly and laterally to encircle the penis. What muscle is this?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

129
Q

The action of this muscle is to remove urine and ejaculate from the urethra of the bulb; in addition, t also impedes venous return from the bulb, thus assisting in erection of the penis. What muscle is this?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

130
Q

This muscle arises from the ischiopubic rami and surrounding the free surfaces of the cavernous bodies. They insert into the respective cavernous bodies just before their union anteriorly. These muscles impede venous return from the crura, thereby assisting in erection of the penis.

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

131
Q

_______ is about 1 inch in length and is bent sharply downward and backward upon itself. It is buried in skin and is attached to the pubic symphysis by the suspensory ligament

A

The clitoris

132
Q

The clitoris is formed by the union of 3 masses of erectile tissue arising from the UG triangle. What are the 3 masses?

A

Vestibular bulbs (x1) Corpora Cavernosa (x2)

133
Q

These lie on both sides of the vaginal orifice at the base of the labia majora. Homologous to the bulb of the corpus spongiosum

A

Vestibular bulbs

134
Q

Anteriorly the vestibular bulbs are united by small thread like extensions called what?

A

pars intermedia

135
Q

Deep to the dorsal ends of the vestibular bulbs are the greater vestibular glands and the ducts to these glands open where?

A

They open into the vestibule (area between the labia minora) on each side of the vagina, specifically in the groove between the hymen and the labia minora

136
Q

The greater vestibular glands do what?

A

Provide lubrication during coitus (sex)

137
Q

Forming the crura of the clitoris

A

Corpora Cavernosa (x2)

138
Q

Associated with the clitoris are two things, what are they?

A

Prepuse and suspensory ligament

139
Q

Sometimes termed the “hood of the clitoris”. Its formed by the lateral folds of the labia minora meeting over the glans of the clitoris.

140
Q

Originates from the deep fascia over the lower abdomen; it arises just inferior to the lower end of the linea alba and inserts into fascia of the clitoris.

A

Suspensory ligament of the clitoris

141
Q

The muscular elements associated with the erectile tissue of the female are:

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle and ischiocavernosus muscles

142
Q

Arising from the perineal body. It is divided into right and left portions by the pudendal cleft. Each portion covers the vestibular bulb of the respective side and inserts anteriorly into the dorsum of the body of the clitoris and perineal membrane

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

143
Q

Arising from the ischiopubic rami. They cover the respective corpora cavernosa and insert into the pubic arch and crura of the clitoris.

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

144
Q

Both the bulbospongiosus and the ischiocavernosus muscles act to impede what?

A

Venous return from the erectile tissue assisting in erection of the clitoris

145
Q

__________________________ are a third pair of muscles on the inferior surface of the perineal membrane. These are located along the posterior edge of the perineal membrane. They arise from ischial tuberosities, insert onto the perineal body of the perineum, and act to support perineal body. What pair of muscles is this?

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscles

146
Q

This structure is larger and more prominent in the female. It recieves the attachment of muscular components: External anal sphincter, superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, and deep trasnverse perineal muscles. What structure is this?

A

Perineal body/central tendon: also called the perineum of the obstetrician

147
Q

Covers the superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, and ischiocavernosus muscles.

A

Deep perineal fascia

148
Q

Superficial perineal fascia consists of what two layers?

A

Superficial layer and deep layer

149
Q

The terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery are:

A

Deep artery to the clitoris/penis –> corpora cavernosa
Dorsal artery of the clitoris/penis –> pierces the perineal membrane and continues forward to reach the dorsal surface of the penis/clitoris.

150
Q

Corresponds closely to the arteries. Exceptions is the deep dorsal vein to penis/clitoris. This is a single midline vein lying deep to the deep fascia of the penis/clitoris.

151
Q

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4) gives these 2 branches to the UG area

A

Perineal nerve and Dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis

152
Q

Perineal nerve from the pudendal nerve gives these two addition branches

A

Posterior labial/scrotal nerves - run in superficial perineal space to labia majora/scrotum
Deep branches - To muscles and other structures of the UG region

153
Q

What is the nerve to corpora cavernosa and to skin of clitoris/penis

A

Dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis

154
Q

Labia majoras homologous structure

155
Q

Bulbs of the vestibule homologous structure

A

Corpora spongiosa

156
Q

Subcutaneous smooth muscle of the labia majora homologous structure

A

Dartos muscle of scrotum

157
Q

Labia minora homologous structure

A

Spongy urethra

158
Q

Bartholin’s gland/ Greater vestibular homologous structure

A

Cowper’s gland/bulbourethral

159
Q

Crura homologous structure

A

Crus of penis

160
Q

Clitoris homologous structure

161
Q

Clitoral hood’s homologous structure

162
Q

Clitoral glans homologous structure

A

Glans penis

163
Q

Skene’s glands homologous structure

A

Prostate gland

164
Q

Ovary homologous structure

165
Q

Mesentery which suspends the ovary from the posterior surface of the broad ligament and has two additional parts.

A

Mesovarium

166
Q

What are the two additional attachments associated with the ovary?

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary and (round) ligament of the ovary

167
Q

Peritoneal fold which attaches to the upper (tubal) end of the ovary. It contains the ovarian vessels

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

168
Q

Extends from the lower (uterine) end of the ovary to the lateral border of the uterus. Its homologous with the gubernaculum of the male

A

(Round) ligament of the ovaries

169
Q

The surface of the ______ is NOT covered by peritoneum; therefore, it is exposed to the peritoneal cavity.

170
Q

Extends from the uterus to the ovaries, about 4” in length and are located in the superior free edges of the broad ligaments.

A

Uterine tubes/Fallopian tube/Ovaduct

171
Q

Funnel shaped terminal end; contains fimbriae

A

Infundibulum

172
Q

Broad, thin-walled segment which makes up the greatest part of the tube

173
Q

A thick-walled segment with a somewhat constricted lumen

174
Q

Transverses the uterine wall

A

Interstitial (uterine portion/ Intramural

175
Q

Thick walled, muscular, pear-shaped organ interposed between the rectum and the bladder. Its about 2” at its widest point and about 3” in length.

176
Q

Largest portion, somewhat flattened (anterior and posterior walls oppose each other)

A

Body of uterus

177
Q

Part of the body which projects above the level of the uterine tubes

A

Fundus of uterus

178
Q

Part of the body which is located below the level of the uterine tubes - located inside the body is the triangular uterine cavity (lined by endometrium)

A

Body proper

179
Q

Extends from the lateral border of the uterus (immediately below the uterine tubes), runs through the broad ligament, transverses the inguinal canal, and terminates in the subcutaneous tissue of the labia majora

A

Round ligament of uterus

180
Q

The _______________ represents the lower part of the homologue of the male gubernaculum. Is a continuation of the ovarian ligament.

A

Round ligament of the uterus

181
Q

Caudal portion of uterus which projects into the anterior wall of the vagina

182
Q

The constricted junction of the body and the cervix. This is the “lower uterine segment” of the obstetrician. It is the part of the cervix which dilates during pregnancy

183
Q

At the apex of the cervix = opening of the uterus into vagina

A

Uterine ostium

184
Q

Groove between vagina wall and cervix

A

Vaginal fornix

185
Q

Tilted forward from the vagina so that the axes of the two organs are NOT parallel

A

Anteverted

186
Q

The body itself is slightly curved, with the concavity facing anteriorly and inferiorly

A

Anteflexed

187
Q

A thin-walled, elastic-like tube extending from the cervix of the uterus to the vaginal orifice

188
Q

The _______ projects into the anterior wall of the vagina

189
Q

The internal end of the vagina represents the ___________

A

Posterior fornix

190
Q

Inner folds, surrounds opening of vagina, Unite to form the clitoral hood anteriorly, Contribute to lubrication (Bartholin gland) and stimulation during intercourse

A

Labia Minora

191
Q

Outer and inner portions (inner portion smooth, sebaceous glands) Meet below mons pubis anteriorly, areolar tissues, fat, tissue similiar to dartos tunic of scrotum

A

Labia Majora

192
Q

What is the pathway of ovum(egg) from secretion to vestibule (6-8 days)

A

Egg bubble burst –>
fimbriae –>
ovaduct/fallopian tube/uterine tube –>
infundibulum –>
ampula –>
Isthmus –>
Uterine tube –>
Uterus –>
Body –>
Cervix –>
Vagina –>
Vestibule

193
Q

Extension of the posterior sheet of peritoneum. It provides support for the ovary

A

Mesovarium

194
Q

The upper portion of the broad ligament immediately adjacent to the uterine tube and above the attachment of the mesovarium

A

Mesosalpinx

195
Q

The major part of the broad ligament. It extends from the lateral margin of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall

A

Mesometrium

196
Q

What are the 3 components that form the broad ligament?

A

Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium

197
Q

Peritoneal pouch between the uterus and bladder

A

Vesicouterine pouch

198
Q

Peritoneal pouch between uterus and rectum

A

Rectouterine pouch (Douglas pouch)

199
Q

Lies in the upper, lateral margin of the rectouterine pouch. It extends from the middle of the sacrum to the isthmus of the uterus

A

Uterosacral/sacrouterine ligament

200
Q

What does female ejaculate contain/come from?

A

Comes from Skene glands + Bartole glands + paraurethral glands
Contains water, urea, creatine, uric acid

201
Q

Contains dartos muscle and fascia; produces a ridged appearance in skin when contracted

A

Dartos tunic

202
Q

Testis covered anteriorly and laterally by a peritoneal sac termed the _________

A

Tunica vaginalis

203
Q

From aponeurosis of external oblique

A

External spermatic fascia

204
Q

From internal oblique msucle

A

Cremaster muscle and fascia

205
Q

From transversalis fascia

A

Internal spermatic fascia

206
Q

Forms capsule of testis (Dense connective tissue)

A

Tunica albuginea

207
Q

Testis is divided into lobules by fibrous septa from tunica albuginea’s mediastinum testis. Each lobule contains what?

A

Seminiferous tubules

208
Q

Where does sperm production begin?

A

Seminiferous tubules

209
Q

From the epididymus, it passes through the inguinal canal to enter retroperitoneally, the lower abdomen - travels posterior to bladder - ampulla

A

Ductus (vas) deferens

210
Q

Begins at the junction of ductus deferens with duct to seminal vesicle, passes through prostate gland and opens into prostatic urethrea

A

Ejaculatory duct

211
Q

Part of urethra that passes through prostate

A

Prostatic urethra

212
Q

Shortest part, passes through the deep perineal space/pouch and surrounded by the external urethral sphincter

A

Membranous urethra

213
Q

Longest part, passes through the corpus spongiosum of penis

A

Penile urethra

214
Q

Dilation of penile urethra in glans penis

A

Fossa navicularis

215
Q

Opening to exterior surface

A

External urethral orifice

216
Q

Embedded in the deep perineal space/pouch but the ducts open into the penile urethra

A

Bulbourethral (cowper’s) glands

217
Q

Secretes a clear viscud, mucoid substance to lubricate the urethra

A

Bulbourethral (cowpers) glands

218
Q

Open into the caudal ends of the ductus (vas) deferens via ejaculatory duct

A

Seminal vesicles

219
Q

Produce a yellowish, thick, sticky mucoid secretion high in fructose

A

Seminal vesicles