Urinary Lab Flashcards
ADD PICTURE
- describe
-MDx
-significance
-multifocal, well demarcated dark red wedge shaped areas involving the cortex AND medulla
MDx: Multifocal acute renal infarcts
Significance: None to kidney function. Should exam L. side of hear for emboli
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-describe
-MDx
-significance?
-unilateral enlargement of kidney with dilation of renal pelvis
-atrophy of the medulla and dilate of attached ureters
MDx: unilateral severe hydronephrosis and hydroureter
Significance: incidental as other kidney is fully functioning
-MDx
-cause
-what is the predisposing factor?
MDx: severe diffuse emphysematous cystitis
Cause: inection with glucose fermenting gas producing bacteria (E. coli or Clostridium)
Predisposing factor: diabetes causing glucose urea
-describe
-MDx
-what is the cause?
-how does it happen?
-multiple dull green, pale areas occasionally surrounded by a rim of redness
MDx: multifocal renal papillary necrosis
Cause: NSAID toxicity
How: dehydrated horse > treated with NSAIDs > inhibition of COX enzymes > decrease PGE II (vasodilator) > decrease in vascular perfusion to the renal papilla > renal papillary necrosis
-describe
-MDx
-6 other lesions you may see
-both kidneys are pale, shrunken with marked thinning of the cortex and associated renal cysts
MDx: diffuse renal fibrosis
Other lesions:
-heart: focal endocardial mineralisation
-mineralization of intercoastal muscles
-tongue tip necrosis
-hyperparathyroidism
-fibrous osteodystrophy
-uremic gastritis
-pulmonary edema
-describe
-MDx
-name of disease
-significance
-multiple, round, white spots on surface of kidney
MDx: multifocal lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis
Name of disease: white spotted kidney disease
Significance: incidental finding
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-MDx
-cause
-pathogenesis
MDx: diffuse severe hemoglobinuric nephrosis
Cause: copper toxicity
Pathogenesis: prolonged ingestion of toxic levels of Cu with ration > Cu accumulate within liver > liver Cu overload > Cu is released in the blood > oxidative damage to RBC > intravascular hemolysis > hemoglobinuric nephrosis
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-describe
-MDx
-cause, if it was a cow
-cause, if it was a horse
-cause, dog
-mucosal surface of urinary bladder is thickened, nodular and proliferative with multifocal areas of redness
MDx: bladder: diffuse hemorrhagic and necrotising cystitis
Cow: C. renale, E. coli, T. pyogenes
Horse: bacteria secondary to retention of urine or decreased urine flow
-blister beetle ingestion: toxicosis caused by Cantharidin
Dog: bacterial OR treated with cyclophosphamide and can get cystitis
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-describe
-MDx
-cause
-name of disease
-bladder mucosa is severely thickened with numerous finger-like projections
MDx: transitional cell carcinoma
Cause: chronic ingestion of bracken fern
Name of disease: ADD
-describe
-MDx
-cause
-numerous petechial hemorrhages on surface of kidney
MDx: multifocal to coalescing petechial hemorrhage
Cause: septicemia (salmonella, Erysipelas most common)
*Shar Pei dog
-describe
-MDx
-abnormality you would expect
-diffusely orange and renal papilla contain multiple pale green and dull areas surrounded by areas of hyperemia
MDx 1: diffuse renal amyloidosis
MDx 2: multifocal to coalescing renal papillary necrosis
Abnormality: low or no protein urea b/c is is a sharpie dog
>accumulation in medulla not glomerulus like you would expect with other dogs
ADD PHOTO
-describe
-MDx
-likely cause
-multiple raised white creamy nodules on surface of kidney
MDx: renal lymphosarcoma
Cause: bovine leukosis virus
-MDx
-associated lesions
-pathogenesis
MDx: severe multifocal subacute renal papillary necrosis (NSAID toxicity)
Associated lesions:
-Right dorsal colitis
-gastric ulceration
Pathogenesis: excess NSAID administration > inhibition of PG synthetase > decreased vascular tone and perfusion > ischemia > renal papillary necrosis
