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URINARY > Urinary embryology > Flashcards

Urinary embryology Flashcards

1
Q

from what part of the mesoderm does the urogenital system come from

A

the intermediate plate mesoderm

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2
Q

what peritoneal position does the intermediate plate mesoderm take

A

retropeitoneal

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3
Q

what is allantois

A

an outpouching of endoderm at the handgun that extends into the body stalk

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4
Q

what is the cloaca

A

posterior opening for digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts

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5
Q

how does the cloaca divide

A

anteriorly forms the urogenital sinus

divides to form the rectum (GI tract)

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6
Q

what drains into the urogenital sinus

A

mesonephric duct

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7
Q

what does the urogenital sinus go on to form

A

the urinary bladder, caudal end forms the urethra

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8
Q

how many sets o kidneys develop sequentially during nephrogenesis

A

3

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9
Q

what happens to the intermediate mesoderm in the NECK region in week 4

A

becomes the pronephros

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10
Q

what is the pronephros

A

the pronephric duct + rudimentary pronephric tubules

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11
Q

where does the pronephric duct drain to

A

the cloaca

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12
Q

what happens to the pronephros in week 5

A

all degenerates EXCEPT the pronephric duct

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13
Q

what happens to the intermediate mesoderm in the TRUNK region in week 4

A

becomes the mesonephros

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14
Q

what happens to the pronephric duct

A

becomes the mesonephric duct

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15
Q

what drains into the mesonephric duct

A

mesonephric tubules

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16
Q

what is the function of the mesonephros

A

functions as the kidneys for approx. 4 weeks

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17
Q

what are the metanephros

A

definitive kidneys

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18
Q

when do the metanephros start to develop

A

week 5

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19
Q

when do the metanephros start to function

A

week 9

20
Q

how do the metanephros develop

A

a ureteric bud develops off the mesonephric duct

21
Q

what happens to the mesonephos

A

incorporated into the developing gonad

Undifferentiated cells from the yolk sac migrate in to form the spermatogonia/ oogonia

22
Q

in males what happens to the mesonephric tubules and duct

A

tubules - become the rate testis

duct - becomes the vas deferens

23
Q

in females what happens to the mesonephric tubules and duct

A

degenerate

Mesonephros incorporated into the ovary though

24
Q

what is the further development of the ureteric bud

A
  • repeated branching at distal end
  • stalk becomes ureter
  • expanded cranial end becomes renal pelvis
25
Q

what forms the major calyces

A

the first 4 generations of distal branches of the ureteric bud

26
Q

what forms the minor calyces

A

the second 4 generations of distal branches of the ureteric bud

27
Q

what forms the collecting tubules

A

the remaining generations of branches of the ureteric bud

28
Q

what do the ureteric bud and metanephric mesioderm do to each other

A

reciprocally induce each other

29
Q

what comprises the nephron

A

Renal corpuscle + PCT + Loop of Henle + DCT

30
Q

what comprises the uriniferous tubule

A

nephron + collecting duct

31
Q

what develops from the metanephric mesoderm

A

the nephron

32
Q

what 4 things develops from the ureteric bud

A

collecting duct, calyces, pelvis and ureter

33
Q

where do kidneys initially lie

A

either side of the bladder in the developing pelvis

34
Q

why do the kidneys appear to “ascend” during development

A

lower body differentially grows inferiorly away from them

35
Q

where do kidneys come to lie finally

A

upper abdomen - T12-L3

36
Q

how does the hilum of the kidney rotate

A

about 90 degrees ventral to medial

37
Q

when does “ascent” of the kidneys stop

A

when they come into contact with the adrenal gland

38
Q

what happens to kidney vascular supply during ascent

A

segmental breakdown and reform

39
Q

summary - what does the allantois and cloaca develop into

A

the Urinary bladder and urethra

40
Q

summary - what does the intermediate mesoderm develop into

A

rudimentary pronephros in neck (week 4), Mesonephros in trunk region (week 5 to 9) with a duct and tubules. Duct drains into cloaca

41
Q

summary - where does the ureteric bud develop from

A

caudal end of the mesonephric duct

42
Q

summary - what do the ureteric bud branches form

A

form the renal pelvis, calyces and collecting duct

43
Q

summary - what is the relationship between the ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm

A

reciprocally induce each other

44
Q

summary - why do the kidneys appear to “ascend”

A

due to differential growth of abdominopelvic structures - also acquire new blood vessels

45
Q

summary - what happens to the hilum of the kidneys

A

rotate to face medially

URINARY (27 decks)

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