Intro to urinary

Question 1

what are the 4 components of the urinary system

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 2

what are the 5 functions of the urinary system

Answer 2

1. removes metabolic waste
2. regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure
3. helps stabilise pH
4. reabsorbs small molecules
5. produces erythopoietin to stimulate RBC production by bone marrow

Question 3

how does the kidney remove metabolic waste

Answer 3

by filtration and excretion

Question 4

how are plasma electrolytes and blood pressure regulated

Answer 4

by renin angiotensin mechanism

Question 5

give examples of small molecules that are reabsorbed

Answer 5

amino acids, glucose, peptides

Question 6

how are the kidneys peritonised

Answer 6

retroperitoneal BUT only partially

Question 7

at what level do the kidneys lie

Answer 7

T12-L3

Question 8

do the kidneys lie at the same level

Answer 8

the right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney due to the presence of the liver above it

Question 9

what are the 5 organs associated with different surface areas of the RIGHT kidney

Answer 9

tip - R suprarenal gland
lateral top - liver
lateral middle - colon
medial middle - duodenum
bottom - small intestine

Question 10

what are the 6 organs associated with different surface areas of the LEFT kidney

Answer 10

tip = L suprarenal gland 
lateral top - spleen
medial top -stomach
middle - pancreas
lateral bottom - colon
medial bottom and base - small intestine

Question 11

from top to bottom, which three nerves run posteriorly to the kidney

Answer 11

subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

Question 12

from innermost to outermost name the layers of the kidney capsule and fascia

Answer 12

kidney
renal capsule
perirenal fat
renal fascia
pararenal fat

Question 13

where does the pararenal fat lie in relation to the kidney

Answer 13

posterior surface of kidney

Question 14

what are the two main components to the kidney

Answer 14

outer - cortex

inner - medulla

Question 15

what are the different components of the medulla (from out to ureter)

Answer 15

pyramid - papilla - minor calyx - major calyx - pelvis - ureter

Question 16

what are the three constriction of the ureter

Answer 16

1. origin - abdominal part when passing over inferior renal pole
2. pelvic brim - pelvic part when crossing over external iliac vessels
3. vesicoureteric junction - intramural part as the ureter enters obliquely the bladder wall

Question 17

what does VAP mean

Answer 17

way of remembering structural relationship of renal hilum anteriorly to posteriorly:
Vein
Artery
Pelvis

Question 18

what supplies blood to the kidneys

Answer 18

renal arteries - one on each side

Question 19

at what level do the renal arteries enter the kidneys

Answer 19

L1

Question 20

what are the 5 branches the renal arteries branch into

Answer 20

segmental branches:

• Apical
• Anterosuperior
• Anteroinferior
• Inferior
• Posterior