Intro to urinary Flashcards
what are the 4 components of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
what are the 5 functions of the urinary system
- removes metabolic waste
- regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure
- helps stabilise pH
- reabsorbs small molecules
- produces erythopoietin to stimulate RBC production by bone marrow
how does the kidney remove metabolic waste
by filtration and excretion
how are plasma electrolytes and blood pressure regulated
by renin angiotensin mechanism
give examples of small molecules that are reabsorbed
amino acids, glucose, peptides
how are the kidneys peritonised
retroperitoneal BUT only partially
at what level do the kidneys lie
T12-L3
do the kidneys lie at the same level
the right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney due to the presence of the liver above it
what are the 5 organs associated with different surface areas of the RIGHT kidney
tip - R suprarenal gland lateral top - liver lateral middle - colon medial middle - duodenum bottom - small intestine
what are the 6 organs associated with different surface areas of the LEFT kidney
tip = L suprarenal gland lateral top - spleen medial top -stomach middle - pancreas lateral bottom - colon medial bottom and base - small intestine
from top to bottom, which three nerves run posteriorly to the kidney
subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve
from innermost to outermost name the layers of the kidney capsule and fascia
kidney renal capsule perirenal fat renal fascia pararenal fat
where does the pararenal fat lie in relation to the kidney
posterior surface of kidney
what are the two main components to the kidney
outer - cortex
inner - medulla
what are the different components of the medulla (from out to ureter)
pyramid - papilla - minor calyx - major calyx - pelvis - ureter
what are the three constriction of the ureter
- origin - abdominal part when passing over inferior renal pole
- pelvic brim - pelvic part when crossing over external iliac vessels
- vesicoureteric junction - intramural part as the ureter enters obliquely the bladder wall
what does VAP mean
way of remembering structural relationship of renal hilum anteriorly to posteriorly:
Vein
Artery
Pelvis
what supplies blood to the kidneys
renal arteries - one on each side
at what level do the renal arteries enter the kidneys
L1
what are the 5 branches the renal arteries branch into
segmental branches:
- Apical
- Anterosuperior
- Anteroinferior
- Inferior
- Posterior
