Urinary Elimination Chapter 45

Question 1

What is urinary retention?

Answer 1

Inability to void or completely empty out the bladder

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Answer 2

voiding in small amounts, frequency, urgency, hesitancy, weak stream

Question 3

Causes of urinary retention

Answer 3

obstruction of the urinary tract, nerve problems, kidney stones, weakened bladder, having a catheter in too long, some medications such as muscle relaxers

Question 4

Signs and symptoms of urinary retention

Answer 4

inability to void or voiding in small amounts, sense of incomplete emptying, bladder distention, tenderness, and pain

Question 5

____ occurs when people have mental or physical problems that keep them from reaching a toilet

Answer 5

Functional incontinence

Question 6

____ is the involuntary loss of urine that is sufficient enough to be a problem

Answer 6

Urinary incontinence

Question 7

Stress incontinence is

Answer 7

loss of urine with increased intrabdominal pressure (ex:women who have given birth, obesity)

Question 8

Urge incontinence is

Answer 8

loss of urine immediately after urge to void (due to nerve damage, kidney stones)

Question 9

Involuntary loss of urine without sensation of need to void (caused by damage to CNS, stroke, brain tumor, MS, or spinal cord injury) is ___

Answer 9

Reflex incontinence

Question 10

Second most common infection of the body ___

Answer 10

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 11

Women are especially prone to UTI’s because of ___

Answer 11

shorter urethra, poor hygiene, womb contamination,

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of UTI’s

Answer 12

pain, burning, frequency, hematuria, nausea/vomiting, malaise (feeling of unwellness)

Question 13

Most common UTI infection is due to ___

Answer 13

Ecoli

Question 14

Dysuria is ___

Answer 14

burning when urinating

Question 15

Bladder infection occurs when

Answer 15

bacteria traveling up from the urethra irritate and inflame the lining of the bladder

Question 16

A ___ is due to bacteria transferred from the intestine multiplying quickly in the urethra

Answer 16

urethral infection

Question 17

A kidney infection is caused by

Answer 17

bacteria traveling up through the urethers

Question 18

An irritated bladder is also known as

Answer 18

cystitis

Question 19

If infection spreads to the kidneys, ___ occurs

Answer 19

pyelonephritis

Question 20

Symptoms of pyelonephritis include

Answer 20

flank pain, tenderness, fever, and chills

Question 21

Urinary stoma’s are used to ___

Answer 21

divert the flow of urine from the kidneys to an external source. Necessary due to trauma, cancer, radiation, fistula, or chronic cystitis

Question 22

Urinary diversions include

Answer 22

conduit, continet pouch, and nephrostomy

Question 23

Urinary diversion is necessary when

Answer 23

the bladder is removed or bypassed

Question 24

Tube placed directly in the renal pelvis to drain kidneys is known as ___

Answer 24

nephrostomy

Question 25

Common urine tests are known as

Answer 25

clean-voided or midstream, urinalysis, timed urine specimen

Question 26

Common types of urine incontinence are

Answer 26

overflow (urethral blockage, bladder unable to empty properly), stress (increased abdominal pressure), urge (bladder oversensitivity from infection, neurological disorders).

Question 27

Most common health-care associated infection (HAI’s) in the United States is

Answer 27

UTI’s

Question 28

How to prevent UTI’s

Answer 28

adequate fluid intake (2000-2500 if no heart or kidney disease), plenty of water, urinate when you feel the urge, promote complete emptying, double voiding (sit there and try to go again), proper perineal care (wipe front to back), showers instead of baths, avoid feminine hygiene products, acidify the urine (foods: meats, eggs, whole grain bread, prunes all increase acidity), cranberry juice

Question 29

Sometimes first sign of bladder infection in an elderly patient is ___

Answer 29

CONFUSION

Question 30

If an elderly is not acting themselves or they only have a fever, consider a urine sample to check for ___

Answer 30

UTI

Question 31

Starvation and diabetics have a ___ odor to their urine

Answer 31

fruity

Question 32

Assessment of urine includes

Answer 32

COCA- Color (pale, straw to amber, vitamins and certain foods like beets and blackberries change urine color), Odor (more concentrated = stronger odor, stagnant urine has an ammonia odor), consistency, amount

Question 33

Normal urine output is ___ to ___ ml per day

Answer 33

1500-1600 ml/day

Question 34

30 ml of urine output per hour is

Answer 34

NORMAL

Question 35

Less than 30 ml/hour of urine output means

Answer 35

there is a problem

Question 36

Urinalysis is a ___ ___ urine test

Answer 36

clean specimen

Question 37

Clean-voided or midstream (culture and sensitivity) urine test is a

Answer 37

sterile specimen

Question 38

Timed Urine specimen urine test begins when:

Answer 38

after discarding first specimen and ends with a final voiding at the end of a time period

Question 39

Urine that is collected after voiding is initiated and before voiding is complete (start>pause>proceed) is a ____

Answer 39

midstream urine specimen

Question 40

With one sample of urine,several tests can be ordered such as:

Answer 40

ph, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, and specific gravity

Question 41

Nurses responsibility when collecting a urine specimen are:

Answer 41

collect and label the urine sample, ensure delivery to the lab, assess the results

Question 42

Before a female does a midstream urine specimen collection she needs to:

Answer 42

clean the meatus with a towelette from front to back (anterior to posterior)

Question 43

____ is required for tests of renal function and urine composition (protein, steroids, creatine)

Answer 43

Timed urine specimen

Question 44

During a _____ if urine is accidentally discarded or contaminated or the patient is incontinent, restart the time period

Answer 44

Timed urine specimen

Question 45

Residual urine is

Answer 45

urine left in the bladder after voiding (more than 50 ml of urine remaining in the bladder)

Question 46

Two methods for collecting a sterile urine specimen are:

Answer 46

1. Port (obtain a specimen from the port of an indwelling catheter using sterile technique), and 2. In and out (insert a straight catheter into the urinary bladder and remove urine, after patient voids, catherization is performed within 10 minutes)