Nutrition Chapter 44 Flashcards
Variables influencing nutrition include:
growth and developmental consideration, gender, ethnicity and culture, beliefs about food, personal preferences, religious practices, lifestyle, economics, medications and therapy, health, alcohol, advertising, psychologic factors
Aspiration precautions include:
30 minute rest before/after eating, sit upright (slightly flex head to chin down position), ry different consistecies of food/fluids, levels of dysphagia diet, four levels of liquid
Puree, mechanically altered, advanced, and regular food are:
the 4 levels of dysphagia diet
4 levels of liquid diet are:
thin, nectarlike, honeylike, spoon thick
The thinner the liquid, the easier it can:
aspirate and go in the lungs
Dyphagia refers to
difficulty swallowing
The skill of assessing a patient’s risk for aspiration ___ be delegated to NAP
CANNOT
Enteral tube feeding (EN) is ___
delivering nutrients straight through the GI tract via NG insertion, nasointestinal tube, gastronomy tube, jejunostomy tube, and PEG/PEJ tube
Nutrition provided through IV is __
parenteral feeding (PN)
NG insertion (nasogastric) is through the ___
nose
Gastronomy tube is ___
surgical- for long term feedings more than 4 weeks
Jejunostomy tube is ___
surgical
Enterbal tube feeding (EN) is used when
Pt is unable to ingest food but can digest and absorb nutritients (unable to swallow or take in nutrients but has a functioning GI tract)
Parenteral feeding is used when
enteral feedings can’t be absorbed e.g.: sepsis, head injury, burns
Continuous enteral tube feedings start
continuous feeds slow @ full strength, increase hourly rate 30-60-ml q8-12 h IF no signs of intolerance
Intermittent enteral tube feedings start
full strength 150-250 ml x1 fdg, increase 50 ml/fdg/day
Nursing screening is done by ___
combining multiple objective measures with subjective measures, laboratory and biochemical tests, anthropometry
Objective measures include:
height, weight, weight changes, primary diagnosis, othe co-morbidities, physical examination
Subejective measures include:
dietary habits, food preferances
Main lab values to monitor when taking lab tests include:
CBC, Albumin, Transferrin, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, retinol binding protein
Anthropometry includes taking:
height (standing) or length (supine), weight (serial measurements more useful, weighed at same time each day with same scale same clothing, daily weight gains= fluid shift), BMI (body mass index), MAC (mid-upper arm circumference), TSF (triceps skin fold), MAMC (mid upper arm muscle circumference)
The skill of inserting a small bore nasoenteric tube ____ be delegated to NAP.
CANNOT
The skill of administering enteral tube feeding via a nasoenteric, gastronomy, or jejunostomy ___ be delegated to NAP after the tube placement is verified by the nurse.
CAN
Older adults often experience a ___ in taste cells that alters food flavor and may ___ intake.
decrease, decrease
