Urinary Elimination and Fluids Flashcards
- What is Micturition
- Act of urination
Urinary developmental considerations for children
- What age does toilet training generally begin?
- What is urinary problem associated usually w/ children?
- 2 to 3 years old
- Enuresis (bed wetting)
- What is the parameter for anuria?
- What are the parameters for oliguria?
- What is the difference?
- What would be the cause of these two?
- urine output < 50 mL/d (based on the day)
- Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/h (based on weight)
- Acute or chronic kidney failure.
What is bacteriuria?
the presence of bacteria in the urine
- What is dysuria?
- What are possible causes? (name 3/6)
- Painful or difficult voiding
- Lower UTI
- Inflammation of bladder or urethra.
- Acute prostatitis (inflammation of prostate)
- Kidney stones
- Foreign bodies
- Tumors in bladder
What is enuresis
What are possible causes? (name 3/6)
- involuntary voiding during sleep
- Delay in functional maturation of CNS
- Obstructive disease of UTI
- Genetic factors
- Failure to concentrate urine
- UTI
- psychological stress
What are the parameters for urinary frequency?
- voiding more than every 3 hours
What is hematuria?
- Blood in the urine may range from very obvious to microscopic and not visible at all.
What is incontinence?
Involuntary loss of urine
What is nocturia?
Awakening during the night to urinate
What is polyuria?
What are possible causes (3/6)
Increase volume of urine voided
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes insipidus
- Diuretics
- Excess fluid intake
- Lithium toxicity
- Kidney disease (hypercalcemia, hypokalemic)
What is proteniuria?
Protein in the urine
What are the 3 diagnosis related to urinary output?
- Polyuria (excess urinary output)
- Oliguria (< 0.5 mL/kg/hr (based on weight)
- Anuria (< 50 mL/d (day))
What are 5 diagnosis related to urine composition?
- Bacteremia
- Hematuria
- Proteinuria
- Pyuria (WBC in urine)
- Glucosuria (glucose in urine)
What is normal urine output levels?
800 to 2000 mL a day.
Does fluid intake match fluid output?
Theoretically, yes but impossible to measure as there are many factors of output (urine, feces, skin, sweat, evaporation via the lungs)
1 cup = ? oz
1 oz = ? mL
1 cup = 8 oz
1 oz = 30 mL
What are the physical assessments of urinary functioning?
- Kidney palpation (done by advance practionier)
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra orifice (the external opening (or meatus) of the urethra.)
- Skin
- Urine
What is the expected normal finding for urine?
- Color
- consistency
- odor
- Straw color
- Clear
- Faint
How is a clean catch conducted?
What is the purpose?
- Cleaning urinary meatus before collection, collect midstream sample.
- The clean-catch urine method is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from getting into a urine sample. (reduces % of false positive)
What is the appropriate direction to clean a vagina?
What is the appropriate direction to clean a penis?
- Female starts the front to back (avoids brining bacteria from the anus to the vagina)
- Males starts from the inner portion to the outer portion of the head in circular motion.
If urine collection is needed is it possible to collect the urine from the urine collection receptible?
Why or why not?
urine has been staying in the receptible for a long time causing it to be tainted.
Stasis urine allows room for bacterial growth.
Does insertion of a Foley Cather require medical asepsis or surgical (sterile) asepsis?
Surgical (sterile) asepsis
What are reasons for Foley Catheterization?
(Name 3/7)
- Urinary retention
- Prolonged patient immobilization
- Obtaining urine specimen when patient is unable to void voluntarily
- Accurate measurement of urinary output in critically ill patients
- Assisting in healing open sacral or perineal wounds in incontinent patients
- Surgery
- Providing improved comfort for end-of-life care.