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Sci of Nursing Practice (Fundamentals) > Hygiene, Activity and Labs > Flashcards

Hygiene, Activity and Labs Flashcards

1
Q

What are contractures?

A

permanently contracted state of a muscle

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2
Q
  1. What is a Foot Drop?
  2. How can it be avoided in patients on bedrest?
A
  1. A general term for difficulty lifting the front part of the foot, resulting from extended plantar flexion.
  2. Place the patients foot in dorsiflexion position
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3
Q

What direction should you clean the eye?

A

Inner to outer canthus

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4
Q

How often should you use an artificial tear solution or normal saline for the eyes?

What reason would you do this for?

A
  1. Q4H
  2. If blink reflex if absent
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5
Q

What type of muscle contraction would this be?

  • Muscle shortening and active movement.
  • ADLs, bathing, dressing, feeding yourself, jogging, riding bicycles
A

Isokinetic

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6
Q

What type of muscle contraction would this be?

  • Muscle contraction (not much movement), holding
  • Yoga (holding positions), sitting in a chair (for some patients w/ difficulties), planks
A

Isometric

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7
Q

What type of muscle contraction would this be?

  • Muscle contraction w/ resistance
  • Push-ups, pull-ups, dumbbell curls, squats
A

Isotonic exercise

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8
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the neurological system?

Think: illness, functioning

A
  1. ↓anxiety/depression
  2. ↓ dementia
  3. ↓ risk of stroke
  4. ↑ cognitive function
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9
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the Endocrine system?

Hint: Triglycerides, disease

A
  1. ↓ Weight
  2. ↓ Diabetes
  3. ↓ LDL
  4. ↑ HDL
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10
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system?

Hint: bones, balance

A
  1. ↓ Osteoporosis
  2. ↓ Falls
  3. ↓ Disability
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11
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular system?

Hint: disease, BP

A
  1. ↓ mortality
  2. ↓ coronary artery disease
  3. ↓ blood pressure
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12
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the oncological system?

A
  1. ↓ Prostate cancer
  2. ↓ Breast cancer
  3. ↓ Bowel cancer
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13
Q

During specimen collection where is the sample labeled to avoid errors?

A

At the bedside

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14
Q

What is normal WBC values?

A

Wanna Buy a Car: 5k-10k

5,000-10,000/mcL

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15
Q

What does a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) test for?

A

Tests 8 different substances in your body for the following function:

  1. Kidney function (BUN, creatinine)
  2. Fluid and electrolyte balance (Na+, K+, CO2, Cl-)
  3. Blood sugar levels (glucose)
  4. Acid and base balance
  5. Metabolism
  6. Calcium
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16
Q

What is normal sodium value?

A

sodium: Remember first three odd numbers: 1,3,5 = 135

135-145 mEq/L

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17
Q

What is normal potassium levels?

A

3-5 Bananas in a bunch. (want to buy them 1/2 off)

3.5-5 mEq/L

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18
Q

What is normal Creatinine range?

A

Creatinine: 0.9 is right in the middle of a normal range

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

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19
Q

Glucose range

A

Energy starts to decline b/w ages of 70-100 y.o

70-100 mg/d

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20
Q

Calcium range

A

Milk: Weighs 8.5 pounds + 2% milk

8.5-10.5 mg/dl

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21
Q

normal Chloride range

A

Hot Tub temperature = 95-105oF

95-105 mEq/L

22
Q

Bicarbonate (CO2) range

A

Carbonation of soda: (2) 12 sodas = 24

23-29 mEq/L

23
Q

Which electrolyte regulates extracellular fluid volume.

Affects serum osmolality

Role in muscle contraction and transmission of nerve impulses

A

Sodium (Na+)

24
Q

Which electrolyte controls intracellular osmolality

Regulator of cellular enzyme activity

Role in the transmission of electrical impulses in nerve, heart, skeletal, intestinal, and lung tissue.

Regulation of acid-base balance

A

Potassium (K+)

25
Which electrolyte plays a **role in blood coagulation** and transmission of nerve impulses Helps regulate muscle contraction and relaxation **Major component of bones and teeth**.
Calcium (Ca2+)
26
Which electrolyte plays a role in **metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins** Role in neuromuscular function Acts on _cardiovascular system, producing vasodilation_.
Magnesium (Mg2+)
27
Which electrolyte is a **major component of interstitial and lymph fluid; gastric and pancreatic juice, sweat, bile, and saliva**. Assists with maintain osmotic pressure
Chloride (Cl-)
28
Red Blood Cell (RBC) range?
Adult human has **4.5-5.5 L** of blood in the body ## Footnote **4.5-5.5 million/mcL**
29
Hemoglobin (HgB) range
Hemoglobin carries **oxygen** to tissues : avg adult takes 12-18 breaths/min ## Footnote **12-18 g/dL**
30
Hematocrit (Hct) range
Hemato**crisis**: Midlife crisis occurs at 40-50 ## Footnote **37-50%**
31
Platelet range
Fine China **Plates** $150-400 ## Footnote **150K-400K/mcL**
32
BUN range
BUNion: 5 digits per limb. 20 digits total. ## Footnote **5-20 mg/dl**
33
Albumin range?
Albumin is a protein made by the liver. Protein shakes contain 3-5 ingredients **3.5-5.5 g/dL**
34
Magnesium range?
Using a **magnifier** class makes thing 1.5-2.5 ## Footnote **1.3 to 2.3 mEq/L**
35
Bilirubin range
Eat only **1** Bili**Reuben** Sandwich ## Footnote **\< 1 mg/dl**
36
AST/SGOT range
AST: School: 8am-4pm 8-40 U/L
37
ALT/SGPT
ALT: Labor: 7am-6pm 7-60 U/L
38
Alkaline Phosphate (ALP)
Phosphate: (Eight-y) 80 (middle of range) 40-120 U/L
39
International Normalized Ratio (**INR**) range?
I (One): \< 1 \< 1 sec
40
Prothrombin Time (PT) range
Ten (T): 10 10-12 seconds
41
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Ten (T) + Twenty/Thirty (T): 30-40 30-40 seconds
42
_Which color_ tube cap would this be for blood collection? 1. Additive (what is added): **_3.2% sodium citrate_** 2. Function of Additive: **prevents blood from clotting by binding calcium** 3. Common laboratory tests: **coagulation**
Light-blue
43
_Which color_ tube cap would this be for blood collection? 1. Additive (what is added): **_serum tube with or w/o clot activator or gel._** 2. Function of Additive: **clot activator promotes blood clotting w/ glass or silica particles. Gel separates serum from cells.** 3. Common laboratory tests: **chemistry, serology, immunology**
Red or Gold
44
_Which color_ tube cap would this be for blood collection? 1. Additive (what is added): **_sodium or lithium heparin with or w/o gel._** 2. Function of Additive: **prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and thromboplastin.** 3. Common laboratory tests: **stat and routine chemistry**
Green
45
_Which color_ tube cap would this be for blood collection? 1. Additive (what is added): **_Potassium EDTA_** 2. Function of Additive: **prevents clotting by binding calcium** 3. Common laboratory tests: **hematology and blood bank**
Lavender or pink
46
_Which color_ tube cap would this be for blood collection? 1. Additive (what is added): **Sodium fluoride, and sodium or potassium oxalate** 2. Function of Additive: **Fluoride inhibits glycolysis an oxalate prevents clotting by precipitating calcium** 3. Common laboratory tests: **Glucose (especially when testing will be delayed) blood alcohol, lactic acid.**
Gray
47
Which Radiography is described? * Obstructions, strictures, fractures, etc. * _No contrast used_. * Emits radiation * Normal = negative
X-rays
48
Which Radiography is described? * Cross-sectional images of bone and tissue * May use _oral or IV contrast to illuminate_ images * _Emits radiation_ * Normal = negative
CT Scans
49
Which Radiography is described? * Detailed anatomic views * _No radiation emitted_ * May use _IV contrast to illuminate_ images * Normal = negative
MRIs
50
Which Radiography is described? * Visualizes organs, soft tissue, blood flow through vessels, etc. * _No contrast used_ * _no radiation_ * Normal = negative

Sci of Nursing Practice (Fundamentals) (8 decks)

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