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Sci of Nursing Practice (Fundamentals) > Hygiene, Activity and Labs > Flashcards

Hygiene, Activity and Labs Flashcards

1
Q

What are contractures?

A

permanently contracted state of a muscle

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2
Q
  1. What is a Foot Drop?
  2. How can it be avoided in patients on bedrest?
A
  1. A general term for difficulty lifting the front part of the foot, resulting from extended plantar flexion.
  2. Place the patients foot in dorsiflexion position
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3
Q

What direction should you clean the eye?

A

Inner to outer canthus

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4
Q

How often should you use an artificial tear solution or normal saline for the eyes?

What reason would you do this for?

A
  1. Q4H
  2. If blink reflex if absent
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5
Q

What type of muscle contraction would this be?

  • Muscle shortening and active movement.
  • ADLs, bathing, dressing, feeding yourself, jogging, riding bicycles
A

Isokinetic

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6
Q

What type of muscle contraction would this be?

  • Muscle contraction (not much movement), holding
  • Yoga (holding positions), sitting in a chair (for some patients w/ difficulties), planks
A

Isometric

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7
Q

What type of muscle contraction would this be?

  • Muscle contraction w/ resistance
  • Push-ups, pull-ups, dumbbell curls, squats
A

Isotonic exercise

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8
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the neurological system?

Think: illness, functioning

A
  1. ↓anxiety/depression
  2. ↓ dementia
  3. ↓ risk of stroke
  4. ↑ cognitive function
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9
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the Endocrine system?

Hint: Triglycerides, disease

A
  1. ↓ Weight
  2. ↓ Diabetes
  3. ↓ LDL
  4. ↑ HDL
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10
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system?

Hint: bones, balance

A
  1. ↓ Osteoporosis
  2. ↓ Falls
  3. ↓ Disability
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11
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular system?

Hint: disease, BP

A
  1. ↓ mortality
  2. ↓ coronary artery disease
  3. ↓ blood pressure
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12
Q

What are the effects of exercise on the oncological system?

A
  1. ↓ Prostate cancer
  2. ↓ Breast cancer
  3. ↓ Bowel cancer
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13
Q

During specimen collection where is the sample labeled to avoid errors?

A

At the bedside

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14
Q

What is normal WBC values?

A

Wanna Buy a Car: 5k-10k

5,000-10,000/mcL

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15
Q

What does a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) test for?

A

Tests 8 different substances in your body for the following function:

  1. Kidney function (BUN, creatinine)
  2. Fluid and electrolyte balance (Na+, K+, CO2, Cl-)
  3. Blood sugar levels (glucose)
  4. Acid and base balance
  5. Metabolism
  6. Calcium
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16
Q

What is normal sodium value?

A

sodium: Remember first three odd numbers: 1,3,5 = 135

135-145 mEq/L

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17
Q

What is normal potassium levels?

A

3-5 Bananas in a bunch. (want to buy them 1/2 off)

3.5-5 mEq/L

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18
Q

What is normal Creatinine range?

A

Creatinine: 0.9 is right in the middle of a normal range

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

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19
Q

Glucose range

A

Energy starts to decline b/w ages of 70-100 y.o

70-100 mg/d

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20
Q

Calcium range

A

Milk: Weighs 8.5 pounds + 2% milk

8.5-10.5 mg/dl

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21
Q

normal Chloride range

A

Hot Tub temperature = 95-105oF

95-105 mEq/L

22
Q

Bicarbonate (CO2) range

A

Carbonation of soda: (2) 12 sodas = 24

23-29 mEq/L

23
Q

Which electrolyte regulates extracellular fluid volume.

Affects serum osmolality

Role in muscle contraction and transmission of nerve impulses

A

Sodium (Na+)

24
Q

Which electrolyte controls intracellular osmolality

Regulator of cellular enzyme activity

Role in the transmission of electrical impulses in nerve, heart, skeletal, intestinal, and lung tissue.

Regulation of acid-base balance

A

Potassium (K+)

25
Q

Which electrolyte plays a role in blood coagulation and transmission of nerve impulses

Helps regulate muscle contraction and relaxation

Major component of bones and teeth.

A

Calcium (Ca2+)

26
Q

Which electrolyte plays a role in metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins

Role in neuromuscular function

Acts on cardiovascular system, producing vasodilation.

A

Magnesium (Mg2+)

27
Q

Which electrolyte is a major component of interstitial and lymph fluid; gastric and pancreatic juice, sweat, bile, and saliva.

Assists with maintain osmotic pressure

A

Chloride (Cl-)

28
Q

Red Blood Cell (RBC) range?

A

Adult human has 4.5-5.5 L of blood in the body

4.5-5.5 million/mcL

29
Q

Hemoglobin (HgB) range

A

Hemoglobin carries oxygen to tissues : avg adult takes 12-18 breaths/min

12-18 g/dL

30
Q

Hematocrit (Hct) range

A

Hematocrisis: Midlife crisis occurs at 40-50

37-50%

31
Q

Platelet range

A

Fine China Plates $150-400

150K-400K/mcL

32
Q

BUN range

A

BUNion: 5 digits per limb. 20 digits total.

5-20 mg/dl

33
Q

Albumin range?

A

Albumin is a protein made by the liver.

Protein shakes contain 3-5 ingredients

3.5-5.5 g/dL

34
Q

Magnesium range?

A

Using a magnifier class makes thing 1.5-2.5

1.3 to 2.3 mEq/L

35
Q

Bilirubin range

A

Eat only 1 BiliReuben Sandwich

< 1 mg/dl

36
Q

AST/SGOT range

A

AST: School: 8am-4pm

8-40 U/L

37
Q

ALT/SGPT

A

ALT: Labor: 7am-6pm

7-60 U/L

38
Q

Alkaline Phosphate (ALP)

A

Phosphate: (Eight-y) 80 (middle of range)

40-120 U/L

39
Q

International Normalized Ratio (INR) range?

A

I (One): < 1

< 1 sec

40
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT) range

A

Ten (T): 10

10-12 seconds

41
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A

Ten (T) + Twenty/Thirty (T): 30-40

30-40 seconds

42
Q

Which color tube cap would this be for blood collection?

  1. Additive (what is added): 3.2% sodium citrate
  2. Function of Additive: prevents blood from clotting by binding calcium
  3. Common laboratory tests: coagulation
A

Light-blue

43
Q

Which color tube cap would this be for blood collection?

  1. Additive (what is added): serum tube with or w/o clot activator or gel.
  2. Function of Additive: clot activator promotes blood clotting w/ glass or silica particles. Gel separates serum from cells.
  3. Common laboratory tests: chemistry, serology, immunology
A

Red or Gold

44
Q

Which color tube cap would this be for blood collection?

  1. Additive (what is added): sodium or lithium heparin with or w/o gel.
  2. Function of Additive: prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and thromboplastin.
  3. Common laboratory tests: stat and routine chemistry
45
Q

Which color tube cap would this be for blood collection?

  1. Additive (what is added): Potassium EDTA
  2. Function of Additive: prevents clotting by binding calcium
  3. Common laboratory tests: hematology and blood bank
A

Lavender or pink

46
Q

Which color tube cap would this be for blood collection?

  1. Additive (what is added): Sodium fluoride, and sodium or potassium oxalate
  2. Function of Additive: Fluoride inhibits glycolysis an oxalate prevents clotting by precipitating calcium
  3. Common laboratory tests: Glucose (especially when testing will be delayed) blood alcohol, lactic acid.
47
Q

Which Radiography is described?

  • Obstructions, strictures, fractures, etc.
  • No contrast used.
  • Emits radiation
  • Normal = negative
48
Q

Which Radiography is described?

  • Cross-sectional images of bone and tissue
  • May use oral or IV contrast to illuminate images
  • Emits radiation
  • Normal = negative
49
Q

Which Radiography is described?

  • Detailed anatomic views
  • No radiation emitted
  • May use IV contrast to illuminate images
  • Normal = negative
50
Q

Which Radiography is described?

  • Visualizes organs, soft tissue, blood flow through vessels, etc.
  • No contrast used
  • no radiation
  • Normal = negative

Sci of Nursing Practice (Fundamentals) (8 decks)

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