urinary elimination Flashcards
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
What are some natural factors that can influence urine output?
- Growth/development
- Fluid intake
- Sociocultural habits
What are these diseases that affect urinary output:
- Prerenal
- Renal
- Postrenal
- Prerenal= Decreased bloodflow to kidneys
- Renal= Disease condition of renal tissue
- Postrenal= Obstruction of that prevent urineflow from kidneys
What are disease conditions that affect urinary output?
Diabetes mellitus
Neuromuscular disease (multiple sclerosis)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cognitive impairment (Alzheimer’s)
How can surgical/medical procedures affect urine output?
- Restriction of fluid intake
- Anesthesia reduce urine output
- Medications can cause urgency/incontinence
What commonly causes UTIs?
What is the most common symptom?
- E. Coli
- Catheterization
- Burning during urination (Dysuria)
Involuntary retention of urine known as:
Involuntary leakage of urine:
Inability: Urinary retention
Leakage: Urinary incontinence
What are these types of incontinence:
- Transient
- Functional
- Transient= temp. incontinence caused by medical condition (UTI)
- Functional= Patient can’t go to restroom due to physical reasons
What are these types of incontinence:
- Overflow
- Stress
- Overflow= Retention that causes overflow (prostate blockage)
- Stress= Action that causes weak pelvic floor (laugh, cough)
What is this type of incontinence:
Urge
Cannot hold urine (neurological/developmental)
When providing patient-centered care during urine assessment, what consideration would you make?
- Considerate of self-care ability
- Cultuaral/gender considerations
- Patient’s knowledge of anatomy
What subjective data do you collect regarding patterns of urination?
- Frequency
- Pattern
- Timing
What are these urinary alteration:
- Frequency:
- Hesitancy:
- Frequency:Voiding >8 times awake
- Hesitancy: Delay in start of urine stream
What are these urinary alterations:
- Polyuria
- Oliguria
- Polyuria: Excessive amounts of urine
- Oliguria: Diminished amount of urine with reduced fluid intake
What are these urinary alterations:
- Hematuria
- Dribbling
- Hematuria: Blood in urine
- Dribbling: Leakage of small amounts of urine
What main objective data should the nurse collect when assessing urine?
- Fluid input/output (output of <30 mL in over 2 hours is BAD)
- Color of urine (pale straw to amber)
- Clarity (should be transparent)
How do you calculate intake and output?
Add all input: IV fluids, feedings,
Add all output: Urine/liquid feces, blood, drainage
Input should equal output over 24 hours.
What main implementation should nurses teach patients to maintain a healthy bladder?
Kegal exercises
- Tighten pelvic floor muscles; do NOT tighten stomach
- Hold muscles tight for up to 10 seconds.
- Perform 50 kegals a day
What is this intervention used for?
Male urinal:
Men stand at bedside to void if they cannot make it to bathroom
When preparing bladder-retraining program, what should be kept in mind?
- Plan set schedule with gradual increases (not before mealtime)
- Record urination
Catheterization care interventions:
- Surgical asepsis or medical asepsis?
- Perineal care procedure?
- Surgical (sterile) asepsis
- Provide perineal care 3 times daily
When draining urine bags,
what should be ensured to prevent contamination?
- Use separate measuring cups for each patient
- Clean/reclamp tubing after drainage
- Note urine output of <30 mL/hr
Condom catheters are best suited for:
How much distance should be left between end of penis and condom.
Incontinent/comatose men
Leave 1-2 inches of space from tip of penis
The three methods of applying condom catheter:
- Use of elastic tape
- Self-adhesive condom sheath
- Inflatable ring
