Urinary Elimination Flashcards
Bacteremia
Life-threatening, bloodstream infection; should be treated with antibiotics
Bacteriuria
Bacteria in the urine; does not always mean there is a UTI
CAUTI
Most common hospital acquired infection
major risks are indwelling urinary catheters and the duration of it to use.
Micturition
Act of passing urine involuntarily;
Occurs when the brain triggers to empty, the bladder contracts, the urinary sprinter, relaxes, and urine leaves the body through the urethra. (Peeing)
Urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine
Hematuria
Blood found in the urine
Proteinuria
The presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine; could indicate kidney damage
Stoma
opening in the abdomen wall
Ostomy
Surgical procedures that divert urine to the outside of the body through an opening (stoma)
Urinary elimination process it starts at…
Kidneys
Uterus
Bladder
Urethra
What do the kidneys do?
The kidneys, eliminate waste, produces the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) which stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells needed to carry oxygen through the body
What does the ureters do?…
The tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
How does the urethra help in urinary elimination?
This tube allows urine to pass outside the body
How does the bladder help in the urinary elimination process?
The bladders wall relax and expand to store, urine and contract and flatten to empty your in through the urethra
What is urinary retention?
A condition where your bladder doesn’t completely empty each time you urinate
What are the two types of urinary retention?
Acute retention(sudden)
Chronic retention
What is urinary track infection and what increases the risk?
It is an infection in any part of the urinary system, which include the kidneys, ureters,bladder,&urethra
People at risk:
Patient with catheters
Patience with urinary retention
Patient with incontinence
Patient with poor hygiene
Urological procedures, open portals of entrance for infection
What are the types of urinary track infections?
Upper:which is in the kidneys(polynephritis)
Lower: in the bladder and urethra
Asymptomatic : no symptoms of UTI
Dysuria
The sensation of pain, and or burning, singing, or itching of the urethra with urination
Transient incontinence
Is incontinence caused by medical conditions that in many cases are treatable and reversible
Functional incontinence
Loss of continents because of causes outside the urinary track
Usually related to functional deficits such as altered mobility and manual, dexterity, cognitive impairment, poor motivation, or environmental barriers
Direct result of caregivers, not responding in a timely manner to request for help with toileting
Urinary incontinence associated with chronic retention of urine(overflow urinary incontinence)
Involuntary loss of urine caused by an over distended bladder, often related to bladder outlet obstruction or poor bladder emptying because of weak or absent bladder contractions
Stress urinary incontinence
Involuntary leakage of small volumes of urine associated with increased intra-domino pressure related to either urethral hypermobility or an incompetent urinary Sphincter (wake pelvic floor, muscles trauma after childbirth)
Result of weakness or injury to the urinary sphincter or pelvic floor muscles
The underlying result: urethra cannot stay closed as pressure increases in the bladder because of increase abdominal pressure (sneeze,cough,laughter)
Urgency urinary incontinence
Involuntary passage of yarn, often associated with strong sense of urgency, related to an over active bladder, caused by neurological problems, bladder, inflammation, or bladder outlet obstruction
In many cases, bladder, overactivity is idol pathic; cause it is not known, caused by involuntary contractions of the bladder associated with an urge to avoid that causes leakage of urine
What are urinary diversions?
Urinary diversions are constructed from a section of intestine to create a storage reservoir or conduit for urine
Diversions can be either temporary or permanent, and either continent or incontinent
What are the two types of continent urinary diversions?
- continent urinary reservoir: it is an internal pouch made from segments of the intestine can be made from the small intestine alone, large intestine, a combination of both.
- Orthotopic neobladder: an internal urinary diversion in which a segment of the small intestine is used to form a new.(nero) reservoir for urine. The ureters are attached to the neobladder, as is the urethra, allowing voiding to be done via a natural course.
What is a ureterostomy?
Is a permanent and Conant urinary diversion, created by transplanting the uterus into a crossed off part of the intestinal helium, and bringing the other end out onto the abdominal wall, forming a stoma. The patient will have no sensation or control over the continuous flow of urine through the ileal conduit, requiring the effluent(drainage) to be collected in a pouch
Ileocecal valve
Create a one-way valve in the pouch, through which a catheter is inserted through the stomach to empty the urine from the pouch
Anuria
Failure of the kidneys produce urine
An example is a dialysis patient
Oliguria
The production of abnormally small amount of urine
Polyuria
A condition where the body urinate more than usual, and passes, excessive, or abnormally large amount of urine each time you urinate
Cystitis
Urine is cloudy because of bacteria and white cells
Urgency
Strong abrupt often overwhelming need to urinate
Frequency
Frequency of urination more than two or three hours
Hesitancy
A delay in initiating urination
Nocturia
As the need for patients to get up in the night on a regular basis to urinate
Retention
A condition where you cannot empty all the urine from your bladder
Routine, urinalysis collection there’s four options
Random
Clean catch/midstream
Sterile (catheter)
Timed
Noninvasive diagnostic testing
ultrasound(Renal,bladder)
Kub (kidney, Uteter, bladder x-ray)
Computed tomography (CT) abdomen and/or pelvis
Intervenous pyelogram : iv injection of contrast with x-rays after
Invasive diagnostic testing
cystoscopy
Suprapubic
a type of catheter that is left in place. Rather than being inserted through your urethra, the catheter is inserted through a hole in your tummy (abdomen) and then directly into your bladder. This procedure can be done under general anaesthetic, epidural anaesthetic or local anaesthetic.
External catheters, there are four types
Pure wick
Primo fit
Prima fit
Condom
Ways to restore, bladder care
Pelvic floor muscle training
Bladder retraining
Toileting, schedules
Intermittent catheterization
MASD
