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Test #4 > Acid-base > Flashcards

Acid-base Flashcards

1
Q

Ion

A

A chemical compound that has a negative or positive charge acation is positively charged, and an anion is negatively charged

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2
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

When an acid is mixed with water, it does associates into a negatively charged ion and a hydrogen ion a hydrogen ion is a hydrogen atom that has lost one electron, so only the nucleus, and it’s single proton remain

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3
Q

Acid

A

A chemical compound that dissociate to a hydrogen ion and a negatively charged ion mixed with water

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4
Q

Base

A

A chemical compound that dissociate into hydrogen ions and a positively charged ion when mixed with water

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5
Q

PH scale

A

A linear scale from 0 to 14 that is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration

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6
Q

What are two buffering systems?

A

The lungs and kidneys

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7
Q

It only takes________ for chemical buffers in the blood to make adjustments to pH

A

Takes only seconds

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8
Q

The respiratory tract can adjust the blood pH_____ play fun by exhaling CO2 from the body

A

Upwards in minutes

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9
Q

The renal system can adjust blood pH through the expression of hydrogen ions and the conservation of bio carbonate but this process________

A

Hours to days to have an effect

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10
Q

Bio carbonate buffer

A

Active an extra cellular fluid ECF, an intracellular fluid ICF

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11
Q

Acidosis (metabolic and respiratory) symptoms are indicative of

A

Depression of the central nervous system CNS

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12
Q

Alkalosis(metabolic and respiratory)

A

Symptoms are indicative of increased stimulation of the central nervous system CNS

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13
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Blow out CO2

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14
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Retain CO2

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15
Q

An acid

A

A substance that contains hydrogen ions, which can be released

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16
Q

Base

A

Substance that can accept hydrogen ions

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17
Q

What laboratory test we used to determine acid base balance in our patients

A

Arterial blood gases (ABG)

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18
Q

Metabolic

A

Changes brought about by systemic alterations(cellular level)

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19
Q

Respiratory

A

Changes brought about by respiratory alterations

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20
Q

What is acidosis?

A

Acidosis is when the pH falls below 7.35.
You will see either an increase in blood carbonic acid, or a decrease in bicarbonate

21
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

It causes the pH to be greater than 7.45.
You will see either an increase in bio carbonate or decrease in carbonic acid

22
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Retention of CO2, which causes the blood to become acidic
The buildup of CO2 in the blood is caused by Bradypena (slow respirations)
The response is slow
Azzzzzidosis 😴😴😴

23
Q

What’s respiratory alkalosis

A

Problems with the alveolar sack. Gas exchange happens in that location.
Increases exhaling of CO2
The PH level rises above, 7.45.
It causes hyperventilation
Problem = excess blowing off of CO2
Result= decreasing carbonic acid and increase in HCO3
Response: kidneys, excrete, excess bio carbonate

24
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

It is too much acid buildup
Causes are high, and Norm anion gap
Renal failure and kidney issues can cause this
Hyperventilation occur as the body tries to rid itself of CO2. The patient will be weak, confused, you will notice cardiac changes, as well as nausea and vomiting.(renal failure, diarrhea.)

25
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Bio carbonate excess Most common causes are vomiting, gastric suctionin (NG tube) Abuse of antacids The issues too much base The response, the lungs, compensate by hypoventilating Goal is to increase acid level in the blood
26
What are causes of respiratory acidosis?
Head injuries Oversedation Obstructive, pulmonary disease Atelectasis: total or partial lung collapse Thoracic trauma Myasthenia gravis
27
Causes of respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation CNS infection salicylate poisoning Pulmonary emboli Heart failure
28
Causes of metabolic acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis Starvation Shock, resulting in lactic acidosis Severe diarrhea Renal failure Salicylate poisoning
29
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Diuretic therapy Prolonged nasogastric suctioning Excessive vomiting Prolonged steroid therapy Excessive intake of bicarbonate Hypokalemia
30
Patients at risk
>pulmonary, renal, CV disease >fever, sepsis, burns > TPN, tube feedings > mechanical ventilation >diabetes (insulin-dependent) >vomiting, diarrhea, enteric drainage >elderly (limited ability to compensate)
31
Respiratory acidosis (breathing)
Variable, usually shallow/rapid
32
Respiratory alkalosis
Increased rate, depth
33
Metabolic acidosis
“Air hunger” deep/rapid (kussmauls) resp Is a kidney problem where there is too much hydrogen and two little bicarb (HCO3)
34
Salicylate poisoning
Vomiting,Tinnitus (ringing in ear), confusion, hyperthermia, respiratory, alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and multiple organ failure
35
What does the skin look like with respiratory acidosis?
The skin will be pale to cyanotic
36
What will the skin look like during metabolic acidosis?
Warm, dry, pink
37
Kussmaul breathing
Slow and deep
38
What does fontanels are sunken mean
Dehydrated
39
Respiratory acidosis signs and symptoms
Low blood pressure Low respiration rate High heart rate Restlessness Confusion Headache Sleepy /coma
40
Respiratory alkalosis signs and symptoms
Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute High heart rate Confused and tired Tetany (involuntary muscle spasms) EKG changes (+) chvostek’s sign (twitching of the facial muscles when tapping the facial nerve in response to hypocalcemia)
41
Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms
High respiratory rate Hyperkalemia (muscle twitching, weakness, arrhythmias) Low blood pressure Confusing Causes: Severe diarrhea Malnutrition Diabetic keto acidosis Acute/chronic kidney injury
42
Metabolic alkalosis signs and symptoms
Low respiratory rate Low potassium Dysrhythmias Muscle cramps/weakness Vomiting Tetany (involuntary muscle spasms) Tremors EKG changes Causes: too many antacids Diuretics Excessive vomiting Hyperaldosteronism
43
Metabolic alkalosis
Kidney problem there’s too much bicarb (HCO3) into a little hydrogen
44
How do the lungs compensate during metabolic acidosis?
The lungs will blow off CO2
45
How are the lengths compensate during metabolic alkalosis?
The lungs will retain CO2
46
Respiratory acidosis
Lung problem: the lungs are retaining too much carbon dioxide(CO2)
47
Respiratory alkalosis
Lung problem: the lungs are losing too much carbon dioxide(CO2)
48
How do the kid needs compensate during respiratory acidosis?
The kidneys, compensate by excreting excess hydrogen and retaining bicarb(HCO3)
49
How do the kidneys compensate during respiratory alkalosis?
The kidneys excrete excess bicarb (HCO3) and retain hydrogen

Test #4 (6 decks)

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