Urinary Elimination Flashcards by Itohan Enabulele

Urinary tract order

Kidney > ureter > bladder > urethra

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Foods/drinks that increase urine production

Alcohol, caffeine, foods rich in sodium

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Older adults have decreased kidney function due to loss of renal tissue and nephrons (kidney filters) and reduction in blood supply, leading to..

Decreased urine output and production

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The small intestines is where..

Nutrients from digesting food is absorbed

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The large intestines is where…

Liquid is absorbed from stool

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Alcohol, caffeine, dairy, fatty foods, fructose, spicy foods, apples, peaches, pears, artificial sweeteners increases risk for

Diarrhea

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Antihypertensives, decreased fiber intake, inactivity effect….

Bowel movements

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Pregnancy, nerve damage from birth, aging, and enlarged prostate can cause…

Urinary incontinence (UI)

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Physical activity that increases pressure on the bladder causing urine leakage

Stress incontinence

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Leaking urine before making it to the bathroom

Urge incontinence

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Urine leakage as a result of nerve damage

Reflex incontinence

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Incomplete bladder emptying > overfilled bladder > urine leakage

Overflow incontinence

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Physical inability to reach the toilet in time

Functional incontinence

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Bed wetting

Nocturnal enuresis

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Prostate enlargement and cystocele (prolapsed bladder) can lead to…

Urinary retention

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Fecal impaction is a complication of…

Constipation

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Complication of diarrhea is…

Dehydration

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Improper wiping, uncircumcised males, and males with a history of BPH are at an increased risk for

UTIs

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Chlorthaildone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone, Indapamide

thiazide diuretics

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Torsemide, Furosemide, Bumetanide

Loop diuretics

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Amiloride, Triaterene, Spironolactone eplerenone

Potassium sparing diuretics

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Antacids, Anticholinergic and antispasmodics (treat muscle spasms), anti seizure meds, calcium channel blockers (treat high BP), diuretics, iron supplements, anti-Parkinson’s meds, narcotics, antidepressants put you at risk for

Constipation

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Antibiotics and magnesium-antacids increase _______ and put you at risk for ______

Gastric motility

Diarrhea

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UTIs can lead to ____ if left untreated

Pyelonephritis, kidney infection

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Cystic kidney disease, gout, hyperparathyroidism (too much calcium in the blood), frequent UTIs, diuretic use increase risk for_____

Kidney stones

Inflamed sac forms in the intestines as a result of stool being trapped is _______

Diverticulitis

Severe diverculititis can tear the intestine wall causing an infection called _______

Peritonitis

Abdominal pain and changes to bowel elimination patterns such as constipation and diarrhea is known as ______

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Disease that causes ulcerations in the small and large intestine that worsens over time Manifestation include diarrhea with blood or pus, surgery may be required

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

Inflammation of the GI tract that can lead to intestinal obstruction, fistulas (tunnels passing from one wall of the bowel to another organ), abscesses (pus filled bumps), fissures, ulcers, or inflammation elsewhere in the body Manifestations are joint pain, painful bumps under the skin

Crohn’s disease

surgical diversion that uses part of the small intestines as a pouch that connect to the ureters

Urostomy or ideal conduit

Procedure that may follow after removal of kidney stones where a tube directly connects to the kidney to drain urine

Nephrostomy

Urinary catheter is placed through the _________ into the _______, while a cyst onto my catheter is inserted directly into the _______

Urethra, bladder Bladder

Irrigation a colonostomy is a form of ________ and can help prevent _______

Bowel training, constipation

After removing the colon and rectum, a _______ is formed to pass stool straight through the anus. An _______ is usually created in conjunction to let the procedure heal

J-pouch Ileostomy

A _______ is when an internal pouch is formed at the ileum with a valve so a catheter is needed to empty the ileum contents (continent ileostomy system)

Kock pouch

_______ is known as painful urination

Dysuria

Children have full bladder control by ___ to ___

4-5

Pain in the urinary tract and renal colic can suppress the urge to_____

Urinate

Opioids cause decreased ________ output and _______

Urine, constipation

Phenozophiyridine can turn urine _____

Orange/red

Amitriptyline can turn urine _____

Green-blue

Levodopa can turn urine _____

Dark

Riboflavin can turn urine ______

Bright yellow

Noninvasive ultrasound scanner for bladder volume

Bedside sonography with bladder scanner

Determine size, shape, and position of kidney, ureters, and bladder

X-ray

Injection of contrast media (iodine) to view ducts, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra

IV pyelogram

View renal blood flow

Renal scan

View renal structures and abnormalities with high frequency sound waves

Renal ultrasound

Lighted instruments to view and treat bladder and urethra

Cytoscopy

Fill bladder with normal saline and compare pressure with reported sensation

Urodynamic testing

_____ is a bedpan for clients who are to remain supine

Fracture pan

Less than _______ for more than ______hours is concerning

30 mL, 2 hrs

Use ______ to increase time between urination as a means for bladder retraining

Timed voiding

Non-sterile urine specimen for ______ and sterile specimen for ________

Urinalysis, culture/sensitivity

8-10 fr catheter for _____

Children

14-16 fr catheter for ____

Women

16-18 fr _____

Men

Cleans catheter site _____ times a day

Indwelling catheter placement or up to 48 hrs after removal risks _______ to occur

Catheter-associated UTI

Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, flank (kidney) pain, hematuria, cloudy foul-smelling urine and fever are symptoms of ______ Older adults: increased confusion, new onset incontinence, anorexia, fever, tachycardia, hypotension

Catheter associated UTIs

Reversible incontinence due to inflammation (UTI), temp cognitive impairment, medications

Transient incontinence

Falls, pressure injury, decreased self-image are risks associated with

Incontinence

To assess renal function we test _____ and _____ *elevated levels = renal dysfunction

Blood creatine and BUN

_____/_____ and ______ are antibiotics that increase sensitivity to the sun

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Ciprofloxacin

Oxybutynin and dicyclomine decrease urinary _____ and alleviate pain from an _____ bladder

Urgency, overactive

Phenazopyridine treats ______ of UTIs but not the actual ____

Manifestations, infection

_______ training helps clients with a decreased cognitive ability to have a predictable urination schedule

Urinary habit training