Urinary Elimination Flashcards

Question

What are the 2 locations of UTIs

Answer 1

Upper- Kidneys | Lower - Bladder, urethra

Answer 2

Does NOT always mean UTI | If bacteria present but asymptomatic, will not treat with antibiotics

Answer 3

``` Presence of indwelling catheter Any instrumentation of urinary tract Urinary retention Urinary or fecal incontinence Poor perineal hygiene Females Frequent sexual intercourse Uncircumcised patients ```

Answer 4

``` Dysuria (burning or pain w/ urination) Cystitis (irritation of the bladder) Urgency Frequency Incontinence Suprapubic tenderness Foul-smelling cloudy urine Fever ```

Answer 5

``` Delirium, confusion, change in mental status Fatigue Loss of appetite Decline in function Incontinence Falls Subnormal temperature ```

Answer 6

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)

Answer 7

early recognition & prompt treatment

Answer 8

Involuntary loss of urine

Answer 9

``` Transient Functional Overflow or UI associated with chronic urinary retention Stress Urge or Urgency Reflex or Neurologic ```

Answer 10

``` More common in women & elderly Obesity Multiple pregnancies/ vaginal births Neurological disorders: Parkinson's, CVA, spinal cord injury, MS Medication therapy: diuretics, opioids, anticholinergics, calcium channel blockers, sedatives/hypnotics Confusion Dementia Immobility Depression ```

Answer 11

``` Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, sneezing Enuresis (bed-wetting) Frequency Urgency Nocturia ```

Answer 12

Assess understanding and expectations of treatment Be professional Assess ability to perform necessary behaviors associated with voiding Assess for any culture or personal considerations Past medical & surgical history Medication use Normal bowel & urinary elimination patterns Sleep, activity, & nutrition

Answer 13

Frequency and times of voiding Normal amount with each void History of recent changes

Answer 14

``` Urgency Dysuria Frequency Hesitancy Polyuria Oliguria Nocturia Dribbling Hematuria Retention ```

Answer 15

Kidneys Bladder External genitalia & urethral meatus Perineal skin

Answer 16

Evaluates bladder emptying Renal function Fluid & electrolyte balance Can be an HCP order or nursing judgement

Answer 17

>30 mls/hr | Concerned if < 30 mls/hr for 2 hours*

Answer 18

Color Clarity Odor

Answer 19

``` Normal Pale straw color to amber- depends on concentration Abnormal Hematuria Color changes ```

Answer 20

Normal- transparent at first void Urine that sits_ cloudy Thick and cloudy_ bacteria and WBCs Early morning void can appear this way as well since it sat in bladder all night

Answer 21

``` Normal Odorless Ammonia smell Abnormal Offensive- May indicate UTI Some foods change odor Fruity- acetone ```

Answer 22

Know how to collect the urine Label appropriately per hospital protocol Send as soon as you receive unless it is a timed test Know if you need a preservative or not

Answer 23

``` pH Protein Glucose Ketones Specific gravity RBC WBC Bacteria Casts Crystals ```

Answer 24

Collect during normal voiding, indwelling catheter, or urinary diversion Must have freshly voided urine Cannot take urine from catheter bag Possibly use Reagent strips

Answer 25

how concentrated the urine is

Answer 26

Obtained to determine presence of pathogenic bacteria

Answer 27

Important to test the sensitivity of any growing bacteria to various antibiotics

Answer 28

Clean- voided or clean-catch/ mid-stream urine specimen Urinary catheter Urinary diversion

Answer 29

size, shape, symmetry, location of structures of the Urinary Tract

Answer 30

detect and measure urinary calculi

Answer 31

``` Impaired Urinary Elimination Urinary Retention Incontinence Functional urinary Overflow urinary Reflex urinary Stress urinary Urge urinary ```

Answer 32

``` Impaired Comfort or Pain Impaired Skin Integrity or Risk for impaired skin integrity Knowledge Deficit Body Image Disturbance Risk for Infection ```

Answer 33

Promote self-care practices Maintain normal routine Promote healthy nutrition and fluid intake Things to avoid: Constipation Smoking Strengthen pelvic floor muscles Men: Be vigilant about your prostate health Report any changes in urinary tract

Answer 34

2300 mls/day - if renal function is ok, no heart disease & no need for fluid restriction Helps flush solutes to limit bladder irritability ``` If fluid intake needs increased: Schedule times to drink Identify fluid preferences High fluid foods (fruits) Stop drinking about 2 hours before bedtime to prevent nocturia ```

Answer 35

Assess & monitor urine output Assess for bladder distention Assist patients to normal position for urination Run water or flush commode Apply cold compress to abdomen Encourage double voiding If bladder does not empty fully, try around the clock voiding Using the crede method is not recommended unless approved by HCP Intermittent catheterization or catheterization

Answer 36

Follow hospital protocol Assess for s/s of infection Perform perineal hygiene Void at regular intervals Adequate fluid intake Female considerations

Answer 37

``` Be respectful of patient’s feelings Pelvic floor muscle training Lifestyle changes Bladder retraining Toileting schedule Intermittent catheterization Meticulous skin care Absorbent pads & cathetersElectrical Stimulation There are meds that can help – example = anticholinergics Interventional Therapies: Bulking material injections Botox Nerve stimulators Surgery: Sling Bladder neck suspension Prolapse surgery Artificial urinary sphincter ```

Answer 38

``` Identify & treat early Use skin risk assessment tools Use appropriate skin barrier products Ensure adequate hydration Consult WOCN if needed ```

Answer 39

Use traditional soap & water Double padding the bed Leave soiled pads

Answer 40

Tube placed through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine

Answer 41

``` Single lumen Indwelling catheter 3-way/ 3 lumen Coude tip Curved rounded Suprapubic External Catheters ```

Answer 42

Regular perineal care (Peri-Care) Provide catheter care or baths per hospital protocol Secure catheter to prevent movement or pulling Empty drainage bags when ½ full Ensure no kinks in catheter tubing & below bladder Do not allow catheter drainage bag to touch the floor Maintain a closed drainage system Accurate monitoring of output Timely removal

Answer 43

Males: condom cath Females: Purewick

Answer 44

placed in the bladder through abdominal wall Sutured in place Used when blockage of urethra or when indwelling catheter causes irritation