Urinary And Faecal Stomas Flashcards
What does ostomy mean?
Opening
What does stoma mean?
Mouth - refers to any surgically constructed opening onto the body surface to facilitate a bodily function
What are indications for stomas
Malignancy, obstruction, disease process e.g crones, trauma, congenital abnormalities, neurological impairment.
Used to rest or by pass bowel
What is a peristomal wound?
Lesion that is circumferential
What is a parastatal wound?
Unilaterally sited lesion
What are the types of GI stomas?
Oesphagostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, illeostomy, colostomy
Describe an illeostomy
- ileum is exteriorised onto abdominal wall to form stoma
- ileum is 3.6m- longest part of small instestine
- provides extensive area of digestion and absorption
- chyme is alkaline
- vit ADEK and B12 absorption
- 7.5L of secretions/day
- fluid loss from stoma 500-1500ml /day requires drainable bag
Describe a colostomy
- Surgical opening into large intestine with colon exteriorised to abdo wall
- permanent= end stoma
- temporary = loop stoma with bar or end stoma
- one piece closed or drainable appliances (clear or opaque, flat or convex)
- two piece closed or drainable
- irrigation sets - suitable for descending or sigmoid
What is a Urostomy?
Used to drain urinary system.
Appliance requires a non return valve> prevents leaks around stoma
Discuss a permanent colostomy (end stoma)
Abdo - perineal resection
Sigmoid colon, rectum, ischio-rectal tissue and anus is removed
Indications: anal and lower rectal cancers
Hartmanns procedure: rectal stump preserved for later anastomosis
Excision of sigmoid colon and upper 1/3 rectum, stump oversewn.
Hartmanns for disease, trauma and cancer
Eversion of stoma inhibits contraction and stenosis
End colostomy stoma usually flush or level with skin
What is a temporary (loop) colostomy?
May have rod insitu
Proximal opening drains faeces
Distal opening drains mucus
What is a procto-colectomy?
Permanent illeostomy Colon,rectum, and anus removed Stoma sited at terminal ileum (RLQ) Spouted stoma to assist drainage Indications: crohns, ulcerative colitis,adenomatous polyposis with anal invasion
Why perform a temporary illeostomy?
Rest an anastomosis
Allow internal reservoir or pouch to heal
What are the indications for illeal anal anastomosis and pouch?
Frequent loose bowels due to removal of colon
No appliances needed
What is urostomy or illeal conduit?
Opening to urinary system, urinary stoma created and exteriorised onto abdo wall.
Stoma on left side
Spouted
Always drainable bags > transparent or opaque
Performed for;
Cancer of lower UT, trauma, intractable incontinence, congenital abnormalities, problems with supra pubic catheter.
How long is the large instestine from caecum to anus?
1.5 m
How long is the rectum?
17cm
How long is the anal canal?
3cm
What type of muscle is the internal anal sphincter?
Smooth (involuntary)
What type of muscle is the external sphincter?
Striated (voluntary)
Discuss pre-op stoma care
Procedure info
Stoma education
Appliance options
Sitting of stoma - not in creases, bony parts, scars, lines, use an appliance to assist positioning
Reviews and appliance trials
Routine pre-op care (bowels flush, fasting)
Describe features of the colon
Slower mass colonic movements in the left/descending colon,reduces the frequency and force of faecal expulsion.
Gas and odour are more marked in the right/ascending colon due to bacterial and enzymatic activity.
Prolonged skin contact with effluent is likely to compromise skin ( not same PH)
Discuss post op care for stomas
- self care and rehab
- observe stoma (colour of mucous, oedema, sutures, passing flatus or stool,passing urine stoma activity, peri- stomal skin condition, size and shrinkage)
- skin care ( gentle removal of appliance, cleanse with gentle soap and water, dry skin, remove hair, skin protective barrier products,correctly cut appliances)
- appliance selection and use (ostomy pastes: fill creases, seal and rings: fill creases, skin protective barrier wipes (prevent contact dermatitis from effluent or skin stripping from adhesives), remover wipes , belts and supports
- purchasing appliances
- odour
- disposal
- diet and hydration (health balance, avoid onions, cabbages , peas)
- returning to work and ADL’s
List potential stoma complications
Leakage, stenosis, bleeding, prolapse, retraction or flush stoma