Urinary

Question 1

Urine: abnormal

Answer 1

RBC’s>2 =(damage to glomeruli or rubles, trauma or disease to lower urinary tract)
WBC’s>4
Bacteria (UTI–may not have symptoms).

Question 2

Urinalysis: Normal

Answer 2

Color- pale straw>amber transparent
Faint aromatic
Specific gravity 1.0053-1.030 (^ the specific gravity if darker)
usually 1.010-1.025
pH 4.6-8
Sterile, no microorganism
No protein, glucose, ketones, Hgb, leukocyte esterase or nitrites.

Question 3

Urinalysis: abnormal

Answer 3

Color: dark amber- (bilirubin from liver dysfunction),
Dark red- (kidney),
Bright red-(bladder, urethra),
Bright orange-(Pyridium),
Red-(beets, rhubarb (plant), blackberries, blood).
Clarity: cloudy or foamy with high protein concentration, thick and cloudy with bacteria and WBC’s.
Odor:
Strong: with more concentrated urine,
Sweet or fruity: with ketones (formed when the body burn fat for fuel, occurs when there isn’t enough insulin to move glucose into cells for energy.

Question 4

Specific gravity of urine:

Answer 4

Amount of solutes in the urine (weight in urine).

Question 5

Metabolic waste:

Answer 5

_____uric acid____, urea, ammonia, creatinine.

Question 6

Electrolytes:

Answer 6

Sodium—–,chloride, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus.

Question 7

Normal urine consist of:

Answer 7

96% water

4% solutes

Question 8

Distilled water Sp. Gr.

Answer 8

1.0

Question 9

Specific gravity __________, as concentration ___________.

Answer 9

Increases, increases.

Question 10

Normal Specific Gravity:

Answer 10

1.0053-1.030

Question 11

Low urine: is________, because you are __________ _____________, which causes early ___________ ____________, because of inadequate _______________ ___________ ___________ secretion.

Answer 11

Diluted urine, over hydration, renal disease, anti diuretic hormone.

Question 12

pH is:

Answer 12

Acidity or alkalinity

Question 13

Urine’s normal pH is

Answer 13

Slightly acidic

Question 14

Urine’s average pH is

Answer 14

6

Question 15

pH is helpful in determining

Answer 15

Response to acid-base balance

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

More acidic/
Starvation 
Diarrhea 
High protein
Cranberries

Question 17

pH> 8 is a sign of __________, which causes a ______, from a diet high in _____________ and ____________-.

Answer 17

UTI
Fruits
Vegetables

Question 18

Normal urinary function by:

Answer 18

Brain structure influence bladder function: inhibit the urge to void or allow voiding by 
Cerebral cortex 
Thalamus 
Hypothalamus 
Brain stem

Question 19

The need to void coordinated

Answer 19

Relaxation of urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles and contraction of the bladder

Question 20

Bladder urges to void at ________, Stimulates the ___________ ___________ in the bladder wall to ___________ to the _________ __________ ___________ (_______ _______), that sends a ____________, to the ___________ ___________ _____________.

Answer 20

250-450 ml
Stretch receptors
Transmitt
Sacral micturition center ( voiding center)
Message
Pons micturition center

Question 21

Voiding: if time appropriate:

Answer 21

The conscious portion of the brain relaxes the external urethral sphincter, and urination takes place.

Question 22

Voiding if in appropriate:

Answer 22

The micturition reflex usually subsides until the bladder becomes more filled and the reflex is stimulated again.

Question 23

Urine culture:normal

Answer 23

RBC’s up to 2
WBC’s 0-4
Bacteria none