acid-base balance Flashcards
acid base homeostasis
involves chemical physiologic processes responsible for the maintenance of the acidity of body fluids at levels of the whole individual
acid base balance is
critical to homeostasis and body functions
acid base balance has a narrow pH margin of
(7.35-7.45)
acids release
hydrogen ions
bades accept
hydrogen ions
pH has an inverse relationship with
bicarbonate
body produces
acids
blood pH levels for death
6-7
blood pH levels for acidosis
7-7.35
blood pH levels for normal pH
7.35-7.45
blood pH levels for alkalosis
7.45-7.8
blood pH levels for death of alkalosis
7.8-9
human blood pH is
7.5
acidic is
0-7.45
basic is
7.45-14
carbonic acid
carbon dioxide and H2O in lungs
lactic acid
muscle/nonvolital can not be reduce to gas
hydrochloric acid
stomach
HCO3
nonvolatile acids/kidneys
CO2
volatile/lungs
normal pH
7.4
buffers
maintain pH balance by binding or releasing hydrogen ions (H+)
main buffer:
bicarbonate-carbonic buffer
other buffers:
phosphate buffer system
protein
hemoglobin
buffers take
seconds to minutes
buffers are
first line of defense/very short
bicarbonate normal level:
24-28 mEq/L
carbonic normal level
1.2 mEq/L
ratio of bicarbonate (HCO3) to carbonic acid (H2Co3)
20:
levels in the body can
vary according to individual but pH is still maintained between 7.35-7.45
bicarbonate (HCO3) is
a weak base, pH changes slightly even when hydrogen ion acid combines with bicarbonate/kidneys
carbonate acid (H2CO3) is
a weak acid (produced when carbon dioxide dissolve in water). base added and combines with carbonic acid pH remains within normal range/lungs
maintaining balance: respiratory is the second line of defense, it
eliminates carbon dioxide
ace increase of CO2 stimulate respiratory drive
processes happen very quickly (minutes to hours)
maintaining balance: renal is the third line of defense, it
regulate bicarbonate levels-
acidosis (excrete H ions (acid) and retain bicarbonate (base)
alkalosis (excrete bicarb (bade) and retain H+ (acid)
responsible for eliminating most metabolic (nonvolatile) acids
takes longer to take effect (more reliable), slow and dependable, not break down to gas, takes days to weeks