Urinary

Question 1

Which kidney is lower?

Answer 1

Right is lower

Question 1

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs the most water?

Answer 1

Proximal Convoluted Tube

Question 2

Kidneys release what hormones?

Answer 2

-Calcitriol(active form if vit D, for bones)
-Renin(Raas system for controlling bp)
-Erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production in bone marrow)

Question 3

8 functions of the kidneys?

Answer 3

-ionic composition
-bp
-blood osmolality
-blood pH
-blood V
-hormones
-glucose
-excretion

Question 4

4 functions of electrolytes?

Answer 4

-osmosis
-acid-base balance
-electrical current
-enzyme optimal activity

Question 5

4 major ions?

Answer 5

-Na2+ (90% of extracellular cations)
-Cl- (extracellular)
-K+ (intracellular)
-HCO3- (extracellular)

Question 6

1 kidney has how many nephrons?

Answer 6

1 million. Same # from birth, they don’t heal. 80-85% are cortical nephrons, rest are juxtamedullary (longer loop deeper in medulla).

Question 7

3 Nephron functions/stages to make urine?

Answer 7

-Glomerular filtration(remove from blood)
-Tubular Reabsorption( blood reabsorbs)
-Tubular Secretion(remove from blood)

Question 8

Volume we micturate?

Answer 8

Aka urination.
1-2L per day

Question 9

Characteristics of urine?

Answer 9

-colour
-turbidity
-volume
-odour
-pH(4.6-8)
-density

Question 10

What % of urine is water?

Answer 10

95%

Question 11

When do we get thirsty?

Answer 11

2% body mass loss, hypothalamus kicks in thirst.

Question 12

Describe the filtration path in a nephron?

Answer 12

-Glomerulus(blood coil)
-Glomerular/Bowman’s Capsule(surrounds glomerulus, together make Renal Corpuscle)

-Proximal Convulat
ed Tubule
-Descending Loop of Henle
-Ascending Loop of Henle
-Distal Convulated Tubule
-Papillary Duct