GI Flashcards
3 phases of digestion?
Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal
What is ascites?
Fluid in the abdomen
How many dentitions(teeth) do children and adults have?
Baby teeth: 20
Adult: 32
7 functions of digestive system?
-ingestion
-secretion
-mixing/propulsion
-digestion
-absorption
-defecation
-salivary
What parts are GI vs Accessory? (the two divisions)
GI: sections of the GI tube
Accessory: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
What is a bolus?
What is chyme?
Bolus: a mass of material undergoing digestion ex. swallowed lump going down esophagus
Chyme: mix of food and digestive fluids in stomach and small intestines
What is the peritoneum?
Largest serous membrane in body, secretes lubricating fluid.
Parietal layer: wall of abdominal & pelvic cavity
Visceral layer: lines organs
What is retroperitoneal?
Organs behind the peritoneum, ex. Kidneys, pancreas
What % water is saliva?
99.5%
What are the salivary glands to know?
Sublingual: under front of tongue
Submandibular: under jaw/back of tongue
Parotid: under ear/back of jaw
What is the ligament that separates the liver into right and left lobes?
Which lobe is larger?
Falciform ligament.
Right lobe is bigger
Which duct leaves liver?
Which duct leaves gallbladder?
What’s the name of the duct where they join?
Liver: hepatic
Gallbladder: cystic
Join: common bile duct
Name of sphincter at top of stomach? Bottom?
Top: lower esophageal sphincter or cardiac sphincter
Bottom: pyloric sphincter
Name of the textured lumps lining the stomach?
Name of area on top of the stomach?
Rugae
Fundus
Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?
Both!
Secretes into pancreatic duct and the ‘Ampulla of Vater’ is the hole where it dumps into the small intestine
Parts of the small intestine in order?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Parts of the large intestine in order?
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Anus
Where are lipid solubles absorbed?
Peptides?
Ions & water?
Stomach ex. aspirin, alcohol
Small intestine using pepsin from the stomach
Large intestine
What is dispepsia?
Indigestion
What is regurgitation?
Involuntary, without nausea
Is constipation a symptom or a diagnosis?
Symptom of another issue.
Causes by meds, lack of hydration, fibre
Impaction is when it is dry and dense, requires intervention
What is hematochezia?
Hematemisis?
Melena?
Blood in stool
Blood in vomit
Black tar like blood in stool, upper GI bleed
Difference between visceral, somatic, and referred abdominal pain?
Visceral: difficult to locate
Somatic(aka parietal): localized
Referred: feel in different spot ex. Kidneys cause flank pain
