Urinary

Question 1

Trace the movement of urine from the renal pelvis to urethra.

Question 2

Define GFR (glomerular filtration rate) and explain how the diameter of the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole can influence urine production.

Question 3

What substances do and do not filter into the glomerular capsule during glomerular filtration and explain why.

Question 4

Explain the effect of ADH on the nephron.

Question 5

Explain the effect of aldosterone on the nephron.

Question 6

Identify the direction of movement of materials between blood (capillaries) and filtrate (nephron) in the 3 processes of urine production: filtration, reabsorption and secretion.

Question 7

Explain the kidney’s response when blood pH falls below 7.35, including the process of urine production (see #6) that is involved.

Question 8

Describe the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis for kidney disease (the functions that are required for health and the potential causes of disruption to these functions).

Question 9

Define the three categories of acute renal disease – pre-renal azotemia, post renal azotemia and intrinsic

Question 10

What are the symptoms, UA findings and treatment options for nephrolithiasis.

Question 11

Define cystitis vs pyelonephritis. Name signs and symptoms of both.

Question 12

Name a UA finding of chronic renal disease. Name the 2 diseases that, if poorly controlled, often lead to chronic renal disease.

Question 13

Define and describe uremia.

Question 14

Explain the response of the respiratory system to renal disease.

Question 15

Your patient has a UA positive for protein. Name 2 diseases on your differential diagnosis and explain why they are on your list.

Question 16

Explain the response of the urinary system to COPD