Respiratory Flashcards
Describe the process of ventilation.
How do chemoreceptors (peripheral and central) affect the process of ventilation?
Where are chemoreceptors (peripheral and central) located?
What is the respiratory response to elevated levels of blood CO2?
How is CO2 related to pH and why is this important?
What are two functions of the conducting airways?
How are the defense functions of the trachea and bronchi carried out?
Where does external respiration take place?
What is the role of diffusion?
Why are surface area, membrane structure and adequate blood supply vital?
Explain the factors needed for healthy functioning of the respiratory system, using the categories of ventilation, air movement, and diffusion. Be able to give examples of changes within these categories that will lead to disruption of homeostasis (disease).
Name and explain the physiological changes leading to airway obstruction in asthma. How do these changes explain the common symptoms? How do they explain the mechanism of action of treatment (bronchodilators and steroid/anti-inflammatories)?
how does the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis and emphysema differ? How do these differences explain the differences in symptoms? How do they explain the differences in CXR (chest x-ray) findings?
Define pneumonia. Is this dysfunction of ventilation, air conduction or diffusion? Name signs and symptoms associated with pneumonia
Define tachypnea and rales, and explain why these can be signs of pneumonia.
