urinary

Question 1

what are the types of urinary incontinence

Answer 1

-stress incontinence (sudden rise in pelvic pressure-coughing, sneezing, damage to sphincters)
-urgency incontinence (desire to pass urine, overactive bladder, involuntary contraction)
-mixed
-overflow incontinence (incomplete bladder emptying, causing urine leakage, detrusor muscle underactivity)
-continuous incontinence (constant loss of urine- caused by severe overflow incontinence)

Question 2

what are the risk factors

Answer 2

-pregnancy, obesity, age
-ACEi (cause coughing), diuretics (detrusor overactivity), sedatives, antihistamines
-neurological (parkinson’s, spinal cord injury)
-HF, diabetes
-UTI

Question 3

what are the red flags

Answer 3

-persistent bladder or urethral pain
-pelvic mass
-associated faecal incontinence
-suspected neurological disease
-history of previous incontinence, pelvic cancer surgery, pelvic radiation therapy
-recurrent or persistent UTI