Urinalysis Final Exam Flashcards
Break down the word glomerulonephritis
Glomerul(o)- the glomerulus
Nephr(o)- kidney
-itis- inflammation
What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Colour & clarity
May indicate macroscopic hematuria
What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Red blood cells
Moderate to large
What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
White blood cells
Moderate
What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Cast types
Red blood cell casts
Granular and hyaline casts may also be observed
What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Protein
Moderate
What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Urine output
Oliguria
Nephrotic syndrome clinical features that can occur simultaneously
Heavy proteinuria
Hypoproteinemia
Hypertpidemia
Marke edema on legs & face
Lipiduria
What test results indicate Nephrotic Syndrome
Protein
Heavy
What test results indicate Nephrotic Syndrome
Lipids
Free floating fat globules
Renal tubular epithelial cells/macrophage oval fat bodies in fatty casts
What test results indicate Nephrotic Syndrome
Cast types
Fatty casts
Waxy casts
Hyaline casts
How does tubular necrosis effect the body
Causes:
Sepsis
Shock
Trauma
Toxic causes of acute tubular necrosis
Drugs
Toxins
What is acute tubular necrosis
Rapid destruction of renal tubular epithelial cells and suppression of rend tubular functions
What test results indicate Acute Tubular Necrosis
Renal tubular epithelial cells
Renal tubular epithelial cell casts
Granular, waxy and broad casts in seven casts
Pyelonephritis word break down
Pyell(o)- pelvis
Nephr(o)- nephron
-Itis- inflammation
What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
White blood cells
Often in clumps, macrophages
What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
Bacteria
Present
What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
__________ epithelial cells
Renal tubular
What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
Casts
White blood cell casts
Granular , Renal tubular epithelial cells, and waxy casts may be seen
What test results would indicate Chronic Pyelonephritis
Bacteria
Not present
What test results would indicate Chronic Pyelonephritis
White blood cells
Macrophages
What test results would indicate Chronic Pyelonephritis
Cast types
Granular, waxy and broad casts
Few WBC or renal tubular epithelial cell casts
Acute Renal failure means
Sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate caused by:
- prerenal: reduction in kidney blood supply
- renal: secondary to pre-existing primary renal disease
- post-renal: obstruction of urine flow
Chronic Renal failure means
Permanent and progressive reduction of renal function
What test results would indicate Acute Renal Failure
WBC
RBC
Renal tubular epithelial cells
Casts Renal tubular epithelial and granular
What test results would indicate Chronic Renal Failure
Isothenuria
Protein-moderate
RBC & WBC
All types of casts especially waxy & broad
What test results would indicate lower urinary tract infection
WBC
Bacteria
Transitional epithelial cells
Protein- low to none
RBC- low
No casts
What causes the body damage with glomerulonephritis
The antigen-antibody complexes that form in reaction to infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, paracites)
Body gets infection
Creates antibodies for the infection
Antibodies bind e create large, complex structures
Structures damage glomeruli & kidneys as they try to filter out thecomplexes
