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Clinical Microscopy > Urinalysis (elsevier) > Flashcards

Urinalysis (elsevier) Flashcards

1
Q

Foul urine

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

Fruity

A

Ketone bodies

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3
Q

Sweaty feet

A

Isovaleric anemia

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4
Q

Cabbage odor urine

A

Methionine malabsorption

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5
Q

Mousy odor

A

Phenylketonuria

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6
Q

Dumbell shape

A

CaCO3

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7
Q

Coffin lid shape

A

Triple phosphate

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8
Q

Crystals found in liver disease

A

Bilirubin
Leucine
Tyrosine

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9
Q

Renal threshold

A

160-180 mg/dL

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10
Q

Envelope shape

A

CaOx

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11
Q

Crystal in lesch nyhan disease

A

Uric acid

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12
Q

Thorny apple shaped

A

Ammonium biurate

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13
Q

Hexagonal shaped

A

Cystine

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14
Q

Urine parasite

A

S. Haematobium

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15
Q

Most common parasite in urine

A

T. Vaginalis

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16
Q

Urine preservatives

A

Thymol
Formalin
Boric acid

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17
Q

Urine specimen for routine screening

A

Random

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18
Q

Urine specimen for pregnancy tests

A

First morning specimen

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19
Q

Specimen for bacterial cultures

A

Midstream clean catch

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20
Q

Increased results in unpreserved urine

A

PH
Nitrite
Bacteria

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21
Q

Decreased results in unpreserved urine

A

Glucose: glycolysis
Ketones: oxidation
Bilirubin: oxidation to biliverdin
Urobilinogen: oxidation to urobilin

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22
Q

Normal urine volume

A

600-2000 mL/day

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23
Q

Decreased urine output

A

Oliguria

24
Q

No urine output

A

Anuria

25
Q

Increased urine output >2.5 mL/day

A

Polyuria

26
Q

Color of urine
Diluted: ______
Concentrated: ______

A

Pale yellow

Dark yellow

27
Q

Refrigerated ALKALINE urine:
________ turbidity
Due to: ______ and _______

A

White

Amorphous phosphates and carbonates

28
Q

Refrigerated ACIDIC urine:
________ turbidity
Due to ________

A

Pink

Amorphous urates

29
Q

Produces yellow foam when shaken

A

Bilirubin

30
Q

Produces thick orange pigment

A

Pyridium

31
Q

Specific gravity of glomerular filtrate

A

1.010

32
Q

Primary test for routine urinalysis

A

Reagent strip

33
Q

Indicator on the reagent strip

A

Bromthymol blue

34
Q

Normal serum osmolarity

A

275-300 mOsm

35
Q

Causes black urine

A

Melanin

Homogentisic acid

36
Q

Principle of protein

A

Protein error of indicator

37
Q

Principle of glucose test

A

Glucose oxidase test

38
Q

Principle for ketones

A

Rxn of acetone with sodium nitroprusside

39
Q

Ketones

A

Acetone
Acetoacetic acid
Beta hydroxybutyric acid

40
Q

Principle in blood

A

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

41
Q

Bleeding: _______
Lysis of old RBCs:______
Rhabdomyolysis:______

A

Hematuria
Hemoglobinuria
Myoglobinuria

42
Q

Products of hemoglobin degradation

A

Bilirubin

Urobilinogen

43
Q

Gives color of urine

A

Urochrome

44
Q

Principle of bilirubin

A

Diazo reaction

45
Q

Principle of urobilinogen

A

Multistix: ehrlich’s reaction
Chemstrip: diazo reaction

46
Q

Principle of nitrite

A

Diazo rewction

47
Q

Parameter that detects bacteria

A

Nitrite

48
Q

Principle of leukocyte esterase

A

Diazo reaction

49
Q

Cast seen chronic renal failure

A

Waxy cast

50
Q

Casts are primarily composed of what protein

A

Tamm horsfall (uromodulin)

51
Q

Normal value of casts

A

0-2/lpf

52
Q

Normal value of cells

A

0-2/hpf

53
Q

Concentraion of rbc and wbc for urine to become turbid

A

500 and 200 microliter

54
Q

Largest cells in urine sediment

A

Squamous cells

55
Q

Squamous cells covered with gardnerella vaginalis

A

Clue cells

56
Q

Crystal in lesch nyhan disease

A

Uric acid crystal

57
Q

Brick dust crystal

A

Amorphous urates

Clinical Microscopy (3 decks)

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