Urinalysis Flashcards
The specific gravity of the glomerular filtrate should be the same as… What happens when the value is below that?
Plasma (1.01)
Dilute urine (diabetes insipidus)
Glomerulonephritis is also called… It is caused by…
Nepritic syndrome
Inflammation, immune response
What do we see in the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome? Why?
A lot of protein
- usual cutoff is 70K MW, but in nephrotic syndrome, large proteins leak through
- more protein than glomerulonephritis
- low protein in blood
Damaged kidneys
Glomerulonephritis vs nephrotic syndrome - which has elevated lipids in blood and urine?
Nephrotic syndrome
Glomerulonephritis vs nephrotic syndrome - which has casts?
Glomerulonephritis
Acute vs chronic glomerulonephritis are distinguished by…
Casts
Acute = cellular casts Chronic = granular/waxy casts
What is a pyelonephritis?
Kidney infection
Pyelonephritis and UTI both show these things in the urine (2)… Distinction is…
WBC and bacteria
-some blood, protein
WBC casts formed in pyelonephritis
How do we distinguish UTI from contamination in the urine sample?
UTI = WBC with bacteria
Contamination = bacteria only
Urine is most concentration at this time of day…
Morning
Urine should be tested within ___ of collection
2 hrs
- increase: specific gravity, pH, bacteria, nitrite
- decrease: glucose, ketones, bilirubin, RBC/WBC casts
- ketones evaporate, bilirubin degrade, casts disintegrate, bacteria grow
Urine that looks very pale can indicate this disease…
Diabetes insipidus
Cloudy urine is indicative of…
Lipids
Pink/red urine is due to…
RBCs/hemolysis
-beet consumption can cause red urine
If the SG of the urine is the same as the plasma, this indicates renal function is…
Poor
