Urinalysis

Question 1

azoturia

Answer 1

excess uria in urine

Question 2

urea

Answer 2

a waste product of protein metabolism form in the liver, excreted through urine

Question 3

myoglobinuria

Answer 3

myoglobin (muscle protein) in urine, indicates severe muscle damage

Question 4

crystalluria

Answer 4

crystals in urine, can cause kidney irritation

Question 5

true hemoglobinuria

Answer 5

hemoglobin from RBCs that hemolyzed in vascular system

Question 6

false hemoglobinuria

Answer 6

hemoglobin from RBCs that hemolyzed in the urinary bladder

Question 7

Glucosuria/glycosuria/dextrosuria

Answer 7

glucose/sugar in urine (not normal)

Question 8

isothenuria

Answer 8

the maintenance of constant osmolality (concentration of urine), regardless of changes in osmotic pressure in blood

occurs when USG approaches that of glomerular filtrate (1.008-1.012)
seen in animals with chronic renal dz

Question 9

ketonemia

Answer 9

excess ketones in the blood

seen with a high fat diet, starvation, long-term anorexia, impaired liver function

Question 10

ketonuria

Answer 10

ketones in urine

occurs in animals with diabetes mellitus

results from fat being broken down to meet animal’s energy needs

Question 11

ketoacidosis (ketosis)

Answer 11

early in lactation, when energy from milk production exceeds nutritional intake

Question 12

pyuria

Answer 12

pus in urine, accompanied by bacteria

Question 13

urolithiasis

Answer 13

stones/calculi in urinary tract

Question 14

micturition

Answer 14

act of urination

Question 15

cystitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the bladder

due to infected kidney or urethra

Question 16

nephritis

Answer 16

inflammation of the kidney

Question 17

FUS (Feline Urologic Syndrome)

Answer 17

aka FLUTDz- feline lower urinary tract disease

idiopathic sterile cystitis

Question 18

anuria

Answer 18

lack of/without urine

distinct sign of kidney failure

Question 19

polyuria

Answer 19

excessive amount/volume of urine

Question 20

oliguria

Answer 20

scant/small amounts of urine

Question 21

urine samples should be analyzed within _____

Answer 21

30-60 minutes

Question 22

refrigeration preserves urine for another ______

Answer 22

6-12 hours

crystals may form, may affect specific gravity

Question 23

Toluene

Answer 23

preservative-forms layer on top of sample

Question 24

normal urine output (volume) of cats and dogs

Answer 24

20-40 mls/kg

Question 25

normal USG for dogs

Answer 25

1.025

Question 26

normal USG for cats

Answer 26

1.030

Question 27

When is the best time to obtain a sample?

Answer 27

first morning sample

Question 28

normal urine pH of dog

Answer 28

5.5-6.8

Question 29

normal pH of cat

Answer 29

6-7

Question 30

contact time of protein dipstick test

Answer 30

60 seconds

Question 31

normal protein amt in urine

Answer 31

none/trace

Question 32

glucose contact time for dipstick test

Answer 32

30 seconds

Question 33

normal levels of glucose

Answer 33

none

Question 34

normal level of ketones in urine

Answer 34

none

Question 35

normal levels of bilirubin in urine

Answer 35

none/trace

Question 36

urobilinogen

Answer 36

1 least accurate dipstick test

colorless compound formed in the intestines by reduction of bilirubin-excreted via urine

Question 37

normal urobilinogen levels in urine

Answer 37

trace

Question 38

nitrate

Answer 38

derived from diet

2nd least useful dipstick test

Question 39

normal nitrate levels in urine

Answer 39

trace

Question 40

normal levels of blood in urine

Answer 40

none

Question 41

hematuria

Answer 41

blood in urine

supernatant is clear-intact RBCs will be present

Question 42

hemoglobinuria

Answer 42

HgB in urine

supernatant will be red-no RBCs present in sediment

Question 43

myoglobinuria

Answer 43

muscle proteins in urine

dark red-brown color

Question 44

normal levels of WBCs in urine

Answer 44

low numbers