Urinalysis Flashcards
azoturia
excess uria in urine
urea
a waste product of protein metabolism form in the liver, excreted through urine
myoglobinuria
myoglobin (muscle protein) in urine, indicates severe muscle damage
crystalluria
crystals in urine, can cause kidney irritation
true hemoglobinuria
hemoglobin from RBCs that hemolyzed in vascular system
false hemoglobinuria
hemoglobin from RBCs that hemolyzed in the urinary bladder
Glucosuria/glycosuria/dextrosuria
glucose/sugar in urine (not normal)
isothenuria
the maintenance of constant osmolality (concentration of urine), regardless of changes in osmotic pressure in blood
occurs when USG approaches that of glomerular filtrate (1.008-1.012)
seen in animals with chronic renal dz
ketonemia
excess ketones in the blood
seen with a high fat diet, starvation, long-term anorexia, impaired liver function
ketonuria
ketones in urine
occurs in animals with diabetes mellitus
results from fat being broken down to meet animal’s energy needs
ketoacidosis (ketosis)
early in lactation, when energy from milk production exceeds nutritional intake
pyuria
pus in urine, accompanied by bacteria
urolithiasis
stones/calculi in urinary tract
micturition
act of urination
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
due to infected kidney or urethra
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
FUS (Feline Urologic Syndrome)
aka FLUTDz- feline lower urinary tract disease
idiopathic sterile cystitis
anuria
lack of/without urine
distinct sign of kidney failure
polyuria
excessive amount/volume of urine
oliguria
scant/small amounts of urine
urine samples should be analyzed within _____
30-60 minutes
refrigeration preserves urine for another ______
6-12 hours
crystals may form, may affect specific gravity
Toluene
preservative-forms layer on top of sample
normal urine output (volume) of cats and dogs
20-40 mls/kg
normal USG for dogs
1.025
normal USG for cats
1.030
When is the best time to obtain a sample?
first morning sample
normal urine pH of dog
5.5-6.8
normal pH of cat
6-7
contact time of protein dipstick test
60 seconds
normal protein amt in urine
none/trace
glucose contact time for dipstick test
30 seconds
normal levels of glucose
none
normal level of ketones in urine
none
normal levels of bilirubin in urine
none/trace
urobilinogen
1 least accurate dipstick test
colorless compound formed in the intestines by reduction of bilirubin-excreted via urine
normal urobilinogen levels in urine
trace
nitrate
derived from diet
2nd least useful dipstick test
normal nitrate levels in urine
trace
normal levels of blood in urine
none
hematuria
blood in urine
supernatant is clear-intact RBCs will be present
hemoglobinuria
HgB in urine
supernatant will be red-no RBCs present in sediment
myoglobinuria
muscle proteins in urine
dark red-brown color
normal levels of WBCs in urine
low numbers
