URINALYSIS

Question 1

Which urine specimen is preferred for urinalysis

Answer 1

A first-morning, midstream collection is customarily used as the specimen

Question 2

Normal urine colour

Answer 2

From totally clear to dark yellow or amber

Question 3

Which pigments give urine it’s colour

Answer 3

Urochrome
Urobilin

Question 4

What causes cloudy fresh urine

Answer 4

urine may become cloudy if urates (in an acid environment) or phosphates (in an alkaline environment) crystallize or precipitate out of solution

Question 5

Normal RBC range in urine

Answer 5

1 to 3 per HPF

Question 5

Normal WBC range in urine

Answer 5

0 to 2 per HPF

Question 6

Normal epithelial cells in urine

Answer 6

O to 2 per HPF

Question 7

Are hyaline casts indicative of a pathology

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Normal protein range in urine

Answer 8

Zero to trace on dipstick

<200 mg/g (urine protein to creatinine ratio)

Question 9

What is microalbuminuria

Answer 9

30–300 mg/day of albumin.

Question 10

What is proteinuria

Answer 10

Clinical proteinuria is defined as the loss of >500 mg/day of protein urine

Question 11

Normal specific gravity

Answer 11

1.016–1.022 (normal fluid intake)

Question 11

Normal urine pH

Answer 11

4.6 to 8

Question 12

Normal bilirubin

Answer 12

Negative

Question 12

Normal urobilinogen

Answer 12

Normal range: 0.3–1 Ehrlich unit

Question 12

Normal blood and hemoglobin

Answer 12

Negative

Question 12

Nitrite producing organisms

Answer 12

Escherichia coli
Klebsiella,
Enterobacter
Proteus
Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas

Question 13

Leukocyte esterase

Answer 13

Negative
Indicates presence of WBC