Urinalysis Flashcards
normal color of urine
clear to pale yellow or amber yellow
red, dark, smoky urine indicates
bleeding or hematuria
smoky urine indicates
microscopic hematuria
cloudy urine indicates
infection
very dark yellow urine indicates
DHN, FVD
red/red brown urine indicates
Medication (eg. Rifampicin, Thorazine)
orange urine indicates
severe DHN
blue/green urine indicates
Elavil & MAOI consumption
MAOI = monoamine oxidase inhibitors
brown/black urine indicates
lysol poisoning
milky urine indicates the presence of
fats
normal urine odor
Aromatic
normal urine pH
4.5 - 8
normal urine specific gravity
1.010-1.025
urine specific gravity less than 1.010 indicates
FVE
urine specific gravity greater than 1.025 indicates
DHN
Normal amount of protein, glucose, and ketones in urine
None
Positive Benedict’s test indicates
Presence of glucose
Diabetes Mellitus
Presence of ketones in urine indicates
Diabetic ketoacidosis
+1, +2 result in heat acetic test indicates
Presence of protein: mild pre-eclampsia
+3, +4 result in heat acetic test indicates
Presence of protein: eclampsia
Normal WBC/RBC levels in urine
None
Presence of WBC in urine indicates
infection
normal BUN levels
10-20 mg/dl
normal serum creatinine levels
0.4-1.2 mg/dl
normal serum uric acid levels
2.2-5.5 mg/dl
normal serum albumin levels in females
3.2-5.5 mg/dl
normal serum albumin levels in males
3.2-5.8 mg/dl
pooling force to contain H2O in ECF (extracellular fluid)
osmotic pressure
decreased osmotic pressure leads to
Hypoalbuminia, edema, proteinuria
normal serum RBC
4.5-5 M/mm3
normal serum HCT in females
36-48%
normal HCT in males
41-50%
normal creatinine clearance in females
85-135 ml/min
normal creatinine clearance in males
97-127 ml/min
best indicator of renal function
creatinine clearance
