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Anaphy - Renal System > Renal System Part 1 > Flashcards

Renal System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The kidneys are located at the ________

A

Between L3 and T12, or CVA (costovertebral angle), retroperitoneally

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2
Q

Are the kidneys located in the peritoneal cavity?

A

No - retroperitoneally

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3
Q

weight of a kidney = ___

A

120-130g (4.5 oz)

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4
Q

width of a kidney = ___

A

2-3 inches (10-12cm)

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5
Q

thickness of a kidney = ___

A

2-3cm

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6
Q

length of a kidney = ___

A

5-6 inches

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7
Q

located on top of kidneys

A

Adrenal glands

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8
Q

Name the kidney’s internal distinct regions

A

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis

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9
Q

outer part of kidney, light in color and granular in appearance

A

Cortex

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10
Q

How wide is the cortex?

A

1cm

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11
Q

taft of capillaries; site for filtration

A

Glomerulus

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12
Q

The glomerulus is enclosed by _________

A

Bowman’s capsule

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13
Q

contains the loop of Henle, vasa recta, and renal pyramids

A

Medulla

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14
Q

How wide is the medulla?

A

5cm

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15
Q

responsible for water reabsorption

A

Loop of Henle

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16
Q

responsible for normal renal blood flow, and renal tissue perfusion

A

Vasa recta

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17
Q

where urine flows out to the calyces

A

Renal pyramids

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18
Q

tube that collects urine from the renal calyces and transport it to the ureter.

A

Renal pelvis

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19
Q

how much CO is received by the kidneys?

A

20-25%

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20
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephrons

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21
Q

2 kinds of nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons & Juxtamedullary nephrons

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22
Q

85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex which forms urine

A

Cortical nephrons

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23
Q

what secretes renin?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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24
Q

normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

125 ml/min

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25
Q

hourly urine output

A

40-60 ml/hr

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26
Q

daily urine output

A

1.5L/day

27
Q

high urine output

A

Polyuria

28
Q

low urine output

A

Oliguria

29
Q

pus in the urine

A

Pyuria

30
Q

painful sexual intercourse

A

dyspareunia

31
Q

no urine output

A

anuria

32
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

33
Q

painful urination

A

dysuria

34
Q

functions of the kidney

Clue: UERRCRSS

A

-Urine formation
-Excretion of waste products
-Regulation of electrolytes
-Regulation of acid- base balance
-Control of water balance and BP
-Regulation of RBC production
-Synthesis of vitamin D to active form
-Secretion of prostaglandins

35
Q

normal serum sodium range

A

135-145mEq/ L

36
Q

normal serum magnesium range

A

1.5-2.5mEq/ L

37
Q

normal serum phosphate range

A

2.5-3.5mEq/ L

38
Q

Normal serum potassium range

A

3.5-4.5mEq/ L

39
Q

normal serum calcium range

A

4.5-5.5mEq/ L

40
Q

normal serum chloride range

A

95-105mEq/ L

41
Q

DOC for hyperkalemia

DOC - durg of choice

A

Kayexalate or exchange resin

Rationale: Exchange for Na in Gi, and excretion of K

42
Q

failure of kidneys to activate vit D leads to what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypocalcemia

Which may lead to renal osteodystrophy

43
Q

high levels of this electrolyte increases serum osmolality

A

Sodium

electrolyte imbalance: hypernatremia

44
Q

normal serum osmolality

A

270-290 mOsm/kg

normal serum Na range (135-145) times 2

45
Q

sodium is inversely proportional to

A

Potassium

46
Q

Calcium is inversely proportional to

A

Phosphate

Ca is also inversely proportional to the hormone PTH

47
Q

Chloride is directly proportional to

A

Sodium

48
Q

what is the acid-base imbalance in renal failure?

A

metabolic acidosis

failure of the kidneys to excrete acid

49
Q

in case of metabolic acidosis, the kidneys secrete

A

HCO3- or Bicarbonate

the kidneys also reabsorbs bicarbonate

50
Q

DOC for renal failure

DOC = drug of choice

A

sodium bicarbonate

51
Q

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

A

Eryhtropoietin

52
Q

Secreted by the kidneys to improve renal blood flow & regulate Na+

A

Prostaglandins

53
Q

hormone secreted by the right atrium in response to increased volume and stretch due to increased ECV

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

54
Q

a hormone that inhibits renin, and ADH secretions making collecting tubules less porous, and producing a large amount of diluted urine.

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

55
Q

muscular hollow sac located just behind the pubic bone

A

urinary bladder

56
Q

smooth triangular portion of the base of the bladder

A

Trigone wall

57
Q

allows bladder to expand or contract; consists of fibers arranged in inner and outer longitudinal layers and in a middle circular layer

A

Detrusor muscles

58
Q

receives urine from the renal pelvis

A

ureter

59
Q

length of ureters

A

12-20 inches

60
Q

the urinary bladder can hold ___ of urine

A

500-800ml

61
Q

thin, walled muscular tube that channels urine outside of the body; arising from the base of the bladder to the external urinary meatus.

A

Urethra

62
Q

length of female urethra

A

1.5-2.5 in (3-5cm)

63
Q

length of male urethra

A

5-6 in (20cm)

Anaphy - Renal System (2 decks)

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