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FUNDA URINAL > URINAL > Flashcards

URINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Major role of urinary system

A

maintain homeostasis by maintaining body fluid composition and volume

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2
Q

Upper Urinary Tract

A

Kidney
Ureters

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3
Q

Lower urinary tract

A
  • Urinary Bladder
    -Urethra
    -Pelvic Floor
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4
Q

Kidney receives how many ml of blood per minute?

A

1200ml

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5
Q

How many cardiac output received by the kidney

A

20-25%

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6
Q

blood passes within an hour in kidney

A

72hrs

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7
Q

Functions of kidney

A
  1. Excretes wastes products of protein metabolism
  2. Maintain acid base balance
  3. Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
  4. Produce enzyme and hormones
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8
Q

excreted via urine

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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9
Q

as the end product of protein metabolism)

A

Urea

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10
Q

3 steps in urine formation:

A

Glomerular Filtration
tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

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11
Q

3 steps in urine formation:

A
  • Glomerular filtration
  • Tubular reabsorption
  • Tubular secretion
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12
Q

move from the blood to the glomerular capsule

A

Water and solutes

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13
Q

The fluid that enters the capsule

A

Glomerular filtrate

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14
Q

glomerular filtration rate
(GFR)

A

125ml/min

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15
Q

• Urine is formed in minute, hour, day

A

0.5-1ml
60ml
1500ml

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16
Q

It is the movement of substances from the filtrate in the kidney tubules into the blood in the peritubular capillaries

A

Tubular reabsorption

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17
Q

How manu tubules in filtrate to become urine

A

1%

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18
Q

useful to the body are reabsorbed

A

Water and other substances

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19
Q

is reabsorbed by osmosis,

A

Water

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20
Q

reabsorbed by active transport

A

Most solutes

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21
Q

It is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute
concentration) to an area of low water potential (high solute concentration).

A

Osmosis

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22
Q

(low solute
concentration)

A

High water potential

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23
Q

(high solute concentration).

A

Lower water potential

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24
Q

it is the transport of substances from the blood into the renal tubules.

A

Tubular secretion

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25
Q

primarily eliminated from the body.

A

Potassium and hydrogen

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26
Q

likewise eliminated

A

Ammonia, uric acid, some drug metabolites

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27
Q

This is done by the kidneys together with the lungs

A

Maintain acid base balance

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28
Q

Steps of respiratory acidosis

A

Ventilation
Hypoventilation
Excretion of CO2 down
Retention of CO2 up
H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid) up
Respiratory Acidosis

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29
Q

Steps on respiratory alkalosis

A

Ventilation
Hyperventilation
• Excretion of CO2 up
• Retention of CO2 down
• H2C03 (Carbonic Acid) down
Respiratory Alkalosis

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30
Q

controls the level of HCO3 (Bicarbonate) as a base

A

Kidney

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31
Q

Increase in acid, —— is reabsorbed/regenerate

A

Hco3

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32
Q

Acid deficit - excrete HCO3, hydrogen ion is

A

Retained

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33
Q

Kidney uses what mechanism to regulate acid base balance

A

Ammonia mechanusm

34
Q

Amino acid steps

A

chemically changed in renal tubules
ammonia + H2 ions
ammonium
release of H2 ions from the body

35
Q

Amino acid controls excretion of

A

Hydrogen and bicarbonate

36
Q

What are the examples of amino acid in amino acid

A

Diarrhea, vomiting

37
Q
  • decrease sodium concentration in the blood
A

Hyponatremia

38
Q
  • results in GI losses / GI fluid loss
A

Hyponatremia

39
Q

inadequate amount of potassium in ECF due to diarrhea,
vomiting and other GI losses

A

Hypokalemia

40
Q

Increase sodium concentration in the blood due to fever/diarrhea

A

Hypernatremia

41
Q

Results to metabolic alkalosis where there is heavy loss of acid from the body; increase levels of
НС03

A

Excessive vomiting

42
Q

can be perceived by the client

A

Sensible water loss

43
Q

Kidney (urine)

A

1200- 1500ml

44
Q

Skin (perspiration)

A

500-600

45
Q

Lungs breathing

A

300-400

46
Q

GI Tract (feces)

A

100-200

47
Q

Factor affect water content

A
  1. Age
  2. sex
  3. Body size
48
Q

decrease, lean portion are gradually replaced with fatty tissues which is unhydrous

A

Old age

49
Q

increase, immaturity of the hypothalamus &
kidneys, increase body metabolism

A

Infant

50
Q

regulates blood flow in times of renal ischemia

A

Renin

51
Q

What produces renin?

A

Jaxtaglomerular cells

52
Q
  • Kidneys are responsible for maintaining a normal ROC
    volume by producing the hormone
A

Erythropoietin

53
Q

A glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis or red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

54
Q

A glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis or red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

55
Q

produced by the peritubular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney & liver

A

Hematopoieti

56
Q

Transmit urine from the kidney to the bladder by the process called

A

Peristalisis

57
Q

Enters obliquely through the posterior bladder wall thus prevents reflux of urine from bladder into ureter during the act of micturition

A

Ureters

58
Q

(kidney stones)

A

Renal calculus

59
Q
  • creates strong peristaltic waves causing pain
A

Renal colic

60
Q

Stores and excretes urine
• Capable of holding 400-500 ml of urine (1,000ml
тах.)

A

Urinary bladder

61
Q

Stores and excretes urine
• Capable of holding 400-500 ml of urine (1,000ml
тах.)

A

Urinary bladder

62
Q

creates strong peristaltic waves causing pain

A

Renal colic

63
Q

Urinary bladder is • Composed of what 3 muscles?

A

Detrusor muscle

64
Q

• Transport urine outside through the urethral meatus

A

Urethra

65
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING URINATION

A
  1. Infection control and hygiene
  2. Growth and development
  3. Psychosocial factor
  4. Socio-cultural
  5. Psychological
  6. Disease condition
  7. Muscle tone
  8. Fluid balance
  9. Surgica procedure
  10. Diagnostic exam
66
Q

Bright orange to dust

A

Phenazopyridine

67
Q

Green or blue discoloration

A

Amitriptyljne

68
Q

Brown or black

A

Levodopa

69
Q

Altered urine function

A

1.polyuria
2.oliguria
3. Lack of urine output

70
Q

Production of abnormally large amount of urine by the kidneys 9100 ml/hr Or 2,500 ml/day)

A

Polyuria

71
Q

excessive fluid intake

A

Polydipsia

72
Q

Polyuria may be associated with

A

DM, chronic nepthritis, diabetic insipidus

73
Q

Polyuria causes

A

can cause excessive fluid loss, increase thirst, dehydration and weight loss

74
Q

Decrease urine output
• Less than 500 ml/day or 30
ml/hr
• indicates impaired blood flow to the kidneys or impending renal failure

A

Oliguria

75
Q

Accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of the inability of the bladder to empty
• Bladder becomes unable to respond to the micturition reflex thus unable to empty

A

Urinary retention

76
Q

Urinary retention occurs when

A

occurs as a result of urethral obstruction, surgical or childbirth trauma, alterations in motor and sensory innervation of the bladder, medications and anxiety

77
Q

voiding 2 or more times at night

A

Nucturia

78
Q

urination at frequent intervals due to pregnancy, infection (uti) or stress

A

Frequency

79
Q

• A feeling that the person must void
• Due to stress, irritation of the trigone and urethra

A

Urgency

80
Q

Painful urination
• Stricture of the urethra, utls, injury to the bladder & urethra

A

Dysuria

81
Q

• Involuntary urination
in children beyond 4-
5 years old
• Nocturnal enuresis
affects boys more
often than girls

A

Enuresis

82
Q

Involuntary urination,
a symptom not a
disease

A

Urinary incontinence

FUNDA URINAL (2 decks)

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