Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HENT > URI, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis (guest lecture) > Flashcards

URI, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis (guest lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Some manifestations of URIs

A

-nose: rhinitis, rhinosinusitis -tonsils: tonsillitis -phrynx: phryngitis -often a combination of these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of URIs is viral?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are examples of viruses that cause URIs

A

“cold viruses” like adenovirus & rhinovirus; -influenza: uncommon, more severe sx’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some bacteria that may cause a URI

A

strep. pnuemo> H. flu > M. cat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

transmission of cold virus

A

air, hand-to-face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prevention of transmission of cold virus

A

wash hands; avoid close contact, mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of URIs given percentage that are viral

A

90% viral, so no abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many days do you hold off abx with URI

A

hold off 7 days unless strep is suspected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do bacteria start to accumulate and become a problem with URIs?

A

more than 7 days- then may give abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main goal with treatment for URIs

A

treat symptoms so patient feels better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are sx of URIs you would treat?

A
  • runny nose: OTC antihistatmines; ipratropium spray
  • congestion - decongestants
  • thick secretions- guaifenesin makes more thin and runny
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common cause of non-infectious rhinitis & characteristics

A

allergies -sneezing itchy, runny nose, nasal congestions -not chronic, no sudden onset, no fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sx with pregnancy-caused non-infectious rhinitis

A

pregnancy (nasal congestion with or without runny nose, no fever, no purulence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of non-infectious rhinitis

A

allergies and pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Waldeyer’s Ring include?

A

adenoids, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are tonsils also called and what type of organ are they?

A

tonsils=adenoiods; they are secondary lymphatic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do tonsils do?

A

lymphatic organs; secrete topical IgA, and IgG & IgM in to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are causes of stomatitis (mouth)

A

usually viral - aphthous ulcers, herpangina, herpes simplex -fungal - candida/thrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes herpangina?

A

coxsackievirus A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sx of herpangina

A

fever, sore throat, rash/ulcers on palate –> small vesicles with erythematous base that become ulcers -pain can be severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of tx for herpangina?

A

supportive tx - “stomatitis cocktail”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pharyngitis causative organism

A

>90% viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What body part does pharyngitis refer to?

A

internal throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms of viral pharyngitis

A

runny nose, cough, with/without conjunctivitis, with/without diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

non infectious causes for pharyngitis

A

-snoring - red uvual -laryngeal acid reflux - chronic pharyngitis/laryngitis, nighttime cough, sensation of something in throat, absence of heartburn irrelevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

symptoms of acute tonsillitis

A

-Odynophagia: pain w/ swallowing -Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing, -fever -enlarged, tender lymph nodes upper neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

complications of tonsillitis

A

-missed work/school -dehydration -abscessess in peritonsillar or deep neck -systemic complications like strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Acute tonsillitis exam reveals

A

-tonsillar enlargement, erythema, exudate -cervical adenopathy (LN’s) anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

tonsil calculi

A

or tonsilloliths; chronic or recent infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Viral causes of tonsillitis

A

adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, Mono (EBV; has exudate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

bacterial tonsillitis often has______ which is not diagnostic

A

exudate

32
Q

types of bacteria causes bacterial tonsillitis

A

-Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus -Other Strep species like strep. pneuma, staph. arrests, Haemophylus influenza

33
Q

What are rare bacterial tonsillitis causative organisms?

A

N. gonorrhoeae, Clamydia, Cornebacterium diphtheria

34
Q

What type of organism often causes chronic tonsillitis

A

Group A Stret - actinomyces

35
Q

Clinical Course of Group A strep

A

sudden onset * fever, with or without headache, nausea, swollen LNs,

36
Q

Diagnosis of Group A strep

A

-bacterial may have purulent exudate with tonsil involvement -rapid strep test & culture; throat swab

37
Q

Treatment for Group A Strep

A

penixillin (amoxicillin); erythromycin if allergic -2nd line - amox/clavulanate, cephalosporins, clindamycin

38
Q

Local strep complications

A

-peritonsillar abscess -lymphadenitis (infection within lymph nodes) -deep neck abscess

39
Q

Why treat strep throat?

A

local complications like abscess, systemic complications, contagious nature, shorten course of illness (self limited an most resolve without antibiotics)

40
Q

Symptoms/Presentations of Peritonsillar abscess

A

-Unilateral symptoms -tonsil, uvula medially deviated -bulging soft palate -trismus - inability to fully open jaw -dysphagia “hot potato voice”

41
Q

Peritonsillar abscess treatment

A

abx -can aspirate or I&D if necessary -quinsy tonsillectomy

42
Q

Complications of Peritonsillar Abscesses

A

spread-retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscess *airway obstruction

43
Q

Systemic complications of Group A Strep

A

-Rhuematic Fever -scarlet fever -glomerulonephritis

44
Q

Rheumatic Fever does what? What is it a complication of?

A

-infects heart valves (rheumatic heart disease) -complication of Group A Strep

45
Q

Scarlet fever causes what? What is it a complication of?

A

-toxin produced -causes nausea, headache -widespread red, punctate rash -strawberry tongue -Group A Strep

46
Q

Glomerulonephritis is characterized by what? What is it a complication of?

A

“coca-cola” urine -Group A Strep

47
Q

When do you treat asymptomatic strep carriers?

A

-“ping-pong” infections among family -outbreaks of strep illness in class

48
Q

Chronic strep may occur when? what tx would you consider

A

may occur after repeated abs; consider tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy

49
Q

Diphtheria occurrence & problems

A

Rare because of immunization -grey pseudomembrane can obstruct -systemic toxins - cardiac, neurologic

50
Q

Treatment for diphtheria

A

erythromycin or PCN, antitoxin

51
Q

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

52
Q

Sx of infectious mononucleosis

A

-prolonged malaise, fatigue lasts 1-3 months or more -significant tonsil and lymph node enlargement, including posterior neck nodes -tonsil exudate common

53
Q

_____% of people with mono are also infected with what other microorganism?

A

20-30% also infected with strep

54
Q

complications of mono

A

-splenomegaly 50%, risk of rupture and hemorrhage -hepatomegaly - 10%, elevated LFT’s -hepatosplenomegaly 2nd to 4th week

55
Q

Which complication of mono has risk of rupture and hemorrhage?

A

splenomegaly -no contact sports

56
Q

Diagnosis of Infectious mononucleosis

A

-monospot (rapid)-only 60% positive 1st two weeks and 90% after 1 month -WBC: elevated lymphocytes 50% & atypical lymphocytes -mono panel; IgM elevated in acute

57
Q

tx for mono

A

supportive, maybe steroids -abx if infected but NOT AMOXICILLIN -limit activity because of spleen complications

58
Q

Tonsil & adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of what?

A

childhood obstructive sleep apnea

59
Q

sx of tonsil & adenoid hypertrophy

A

-snoring, poor sleep, bedwetting, apneas, behavioral problems, hard to awaken -adenoids - otitis media, mouth breathing, chronic rhinorrhea, “nasal” speech

60
Q

tx of tonsil & adenoid hypertrophy

A

tonsilectomy & adenoidectomy are curative

61
Q

cause of epiglottitis

A

Hemophilus influenza type B (HIB)

62
Q

What is epiglottis & what does it cause

A

Airway emergency! Causes epiglottis & supraglottic swelling (above vocal cords)

63
Q

In what population(s) do you see epiglottitis

A

-rare in children since HIB vaccine -immunocompromised adults (alcoholics)

64
Q

sx of epiglottitis

A

-sitting forward, drooling, cannot swallow secretions -inspiratory stridor (noise w/inhalation) means it’s above vocal cords -fever, “toxic”

65
Q

Tx & special notes for epiglottitis

A

-Do NOT use tongue blade or scope -IV steroids, ibx, racemic epi -urgent anesthesia & ENT eval -may need intubation vs trach

66
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

tongue-tie

67
Q
A

Torus Palatini

68
Q
A

Ankyloglossia

69
Q
A

Obstructing tonsils (tonsil hypertrophy)

70
Q
A

infectious mononucleosis

-tonsil enlargement & tonsil exudate common

71
Q
A

Peritonsillar abscess

(local complication of strep)

72
Q
A

Acute Tonsillitis

(tonsillar enlargement, erythema, exudate)

73
Q
A

acute tonsillitis

(tonsillar enlargement, erythema, exudate)

74
Q
A

viral pharyngitis/ tonsillitis

75
Q
A

Candida (Oral Thrush)

76
Q
A

aphthous ulcers (viral)

HENT (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions