URI Pharm Flashcards
histamine
substance involved in nerve transmission, capillary dilation, smooth muscle contraction, gastric acid secretion, and HR control
what is H1?
receptors which mediate smooth muscle contraction and capillary dilation –> target for traditional allergy meds
what is H2?
mediation heart rate and gastric acid secretion
what can release of excessive histamines result in?
anaphylaxis and severe allergic symptoms
H2 blockers
–cimetidine, rantidine, famotidine, nizatidine
–act on GI system
–GERD treatment most common
H1 blockers
–can be sedating and non-sedating
–usually treat nasal allergies, seasonal allergies, sneezing, runny nose
–palliative, not curative
MOA of H1 blockers
bind to H1 receptors and block histamine release
contraindications of H1 blockers
–closed angle glaucoma
–cardiac disease
–kidney disease
–HTN
–bronchial asthma
–COPD
–PUD
–seizures
–BPH
–pregnancy
example of sedating histamines
diphenhydramine
indications for sedating antihistamines
–mild allergic reactions
–motion sickness
–insomnia
routes for sedating antihistamines
PO or IV
NSG implications for sedating antihistamines
–monitor closely for dizziness when ambulating
–monitor for urinary retention
–constipation
sedating antihistamine warning
avoid driving and activities requiring mental alertness
examples of non-sedating antihistamines
–loratidine
–fexofenadine
–cetirizine
indications for non-sedating antihistamines
–allergic rhinitis
–chronic idiopathic urticaria
side effects for non-sedating antihistamines
–fewer SE
–less drowsiness and fatigue
route for non-sedating antihistamines
PO
examples of sympathomimetics
–phenylephrine
–pseudophedrine
indications for sympathomimetics
–reduce nasal congestion
–allergic rhinitis
–sinusitis
–common cold
MOA of sympathomimetics
–mimics action of SNS
–activates alpha1-adrenergic receptors = vasoconstriction of blood vessels, causing nasal turbinates to shrink and opens nasal passages
side effects of sympathomimetics
–all r/t CNS stimulation
–agitation
–insomnia
–anxiety
–tachycardia
–heart palpitations
patient education for sympathomimetics
–do not use for more than 4 days = rebound nasal congestion if abruptly stopped
specifics of pseudophendrine
–potential for abuse
–meth
–OTC, but behind the counter
–purchasing limits per person
examples of antitussives
–dextromethorphan
–codeine
–benzonatate
indication for antitussives
cough suppressant
MOA for antitussives
directly suppresses the cough reflex in the brain
routes for antitussives
–PO
–syrups/sprays/lozenges
side effects for antitussives
CNS depressant
–do not take with other CNS depressants
example of expectorant
guaifenesin
indication for expectorants
decrease mucus in colds, bronchitis, etc.
MOA for expectorants
reduction in surface tension of secretion helping to thin mucus, making it easier to expectorate
side effects of expectorants
few, mild GI distress
specifics for expectorants
–encourage fluid to help thin secretions as well
–be careful in patients with chronic cough/asthma
example of mucolytics
acetylcysteine
indication for mucolytics
bronchopulmonary disease, CF
MOA for mucolytics
decreases viscosity of mucus, making it easier to cough
side effects for mucolytics
–bronchospasm may occur
–smells terrible
specifics for mucolytics
–monitor lung sounds closely
–given via nebulizer or through trach
