Urbanization Flashcards
What caused the major urban growth?
Industrialization.
Why did people move to cities during industrialization?
To be closer to industrial jobs and reduce commuting costs.
What improvements followed industrialization and urban migration?
Better roads, transport, communication, infrastructure, health, and education facilities.
What social factors motivate people to move to cities?
Improved living conditions, better education, advanced health facilities, and opportunities for a higher social status.
Why do people leave rural areas and move to cities in search of better jobs?
Lower income from agriculture and difficulties in sustaining daily life push people to seek higher income and better job opportunities in cities.
How did mechanized farming during the Green Revolution impact rural unemployment in India?
The introduction of mechanized farming led to increased unemployment in rural areas, causing many people to migrate to urban areas for new job opportunities.
How does urbanization and modernization influence migration to cities?
Urbanization and modernization offer a sophisticated lifestyle with comfortable housing, better transport, and improved communication, attracting people from less-developed areas to cities.
Why do cities like Mumbai and Delhi attract people from rural areas?
These cities promise better standards of living and advanced facilities, drawing people from rural areas in search of improved lifestyles.
How does the spread of education and globalization affect urbanization?
Increased awareness and access to global information through technology, like the Internet, motivate people to move to cities for better opportunities.
How do villages close to cities transform due to globalization and technology?
Villages near cities often become urbanized as they adopt advanced technology and modern amenities, with examples including Pune, Bhopal, and Hyderabad.
What are some positive impacts of urbanization?
- Improved housing facilities
- Growth of education and health facilities
- Expansion of service sectors with higher incomes
- Increased variety of job prospects
- Availability of a labor force
- Enhanced standard of living
- Better transport and communication facilities
What are some negative impacts of urbanization?
- Growth of slums due to overpopulation (e.g., Dharavi in Mumbai)
- Poor living conditions in slums (lack of sanitation, ventilation, and drinking water)
- Increased cost of living and land value
- Rising crime rates (theft, cheating)
- Traffic congestion and pollution (air, water, land)
- Stressful urban life with limited time for leisure and health, leading to lifestyle diseases
What are satellite cities, and what purpose do they serve?
- Supply resources to the main city and provide reasonably priced housing for the labor force.
- Examples in India include cities around Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Pune, and Bengaluru.
- Benefits include job opportunities, better housing, and less pollution.
- Unlike suburbs, satellite cities have their own municipality and are self-sufficient.
Decongest
To relieve a situation in which a place is crowded with people or vehicles, and it is difficult to move around
Urban informatics
A study of linking people,place, and technology in the context of urban development
