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Geography > Asia > Flashcards

Asia Flashcards

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1
Q

What oceans surround Asia?

A

The Indian Ocean to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Arctic Ocean to the north.

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2
Q

Which continent lies to the west of Asia?

A

Europe

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3
Q

In which hemisphere is Asia located?

A

The Northern Hemisphere.

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4
Q

Which continent lies to the west of Asia?

A

Europe.

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5
Q

Which continent lies to the west of Asia?

A

Europe.

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6
Q

What natural features form the boundary between Europe and Asia?

A

The Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea.

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7
Q

What is the combined landmass of Asia and Europe called?

A

Eurasia

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8
Q

What connects Asia to Africa?

A

The narrow isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea

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9
Q

What are the approximate latitudinal and longitudinal extents of Asia?

A

Latitude: 10°S to 80°N; Longitude: 24°E to 169°W.

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10
Q

How does the wide latitudinal extent of Asia influence its climate?

A

It results in a variety of climatic types, from equatorial to arctic.

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11
Q

Why does Asia have the greatest number of time zones?

A

Due to its vast longitudinal extent.

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12
Q

Isthmus

A

A narrow strip of land with sea on either side connecting two large land masses

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13
Q

Which countries are among the largest and smallest in Asia?

A

Largest: Russia; Smallest: Maldives

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14
Q

What countries are included in East Asia (the Far East)?

A

Japan, North Korea, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and Mongolia.

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15
Q

Which countries are part of Southeast Asia?

A

Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, East Timor, the Philippines, and Brunei.

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16
Q

What countries are included in South Asia?

A

India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and Maldives.

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17
Q

What are the major countries in Southwest Asia (Middle East)?

A

Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, UAE, Kuwait, Jordan, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Qatar, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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18
Q

Which countries form Central Asia?

A

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.

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19
Q

Islamic republic of Pakistan

A

Islamabad

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20
Q

Kingdom of Bhutan

A

Thimphu

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21
Q

Kingdom of thailand

A

Bangkok

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22
Q

Federation of Malaysia

A

Kuala Lumpur

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23
Q

Republic of Indonesia

A

Jakarta

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24
Q

What is the Central Highlands?

A

A vast area covered by a chain of lofty mountains and plateaus with rugged features.

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25
Q

Which mountain ranges extend from the Pamir Knot?

A

The Great Himalayas, Karakoram Range (southeast), Hindukush Range (west), Kunlun and Tian Shan ranges (east), Altai, and Yablonovy Ranges (east).

26
Q

What are the highest mountain ranges in the Central Highlands?

A

The Himalayas, with many peaks exceeding 8000 meters above sea level.

27
Q

What is the Plateau of Tibet also known as? Where is it located?

A

The Roof of the World. It lies between the Himalayas and the kunlun ranges.

28
Q

What are intermontane plateaus?

A

Plateaus surrounded by mountain ranges. For ex:- plateau of Iran, anatolian plateau in Turkey.

29
Q

Where are the Northern Lowlands located?

A

To the north of the central mountain range in Asia.

30
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the Northern Lowlands?

A

The Great Siberian Plain and the lowlands of Central Asia.

31
Q

Which rivers drain the Great Siberian Plain?

A

The Ob, Yenisei, and Lena Rivers.

32
Q

What happens in the Great Siberian Plain during the beginning of the summer season?

A

Snow melts in the upper course of the rivers while the lower portion remains frozen, forming marshes and swamps.

33
Q

What lies to the south of the Siberian Plain?

A

The lowlands of Central Asia.

34
Q

What are two large inland lakes in Central Asia?

A

The Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea.

35
Q

Which rivers originate in the mountains of Central Asia and flow into the Aral Sea?

A

The Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers.

36
Q

What are the plateaus of Asia made up of?

A

Old rocks and stable blocks of the earth.

37
Q

Name the three main plateaus in Asia.

A

The Plateau of Arabia, the Deccan Plateau of India, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China and Southeast Asia.

38
Q

Describe the slopes of the Arabian and Deccan Plateaus.

A

The Arabian Plateau has a steep slope to the west facing the Red Sea and slopes gently eastwards towards the Persian Gulf.

The Deccan Plateau has a steep slope towards the west along the Arabian Sea and slopes gently eastwards towards the Bay of Bengal.

39
Q

What regions does the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau cover?

A

Parts of South China, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam.

40
Q

What marks the Deccan Plateau and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and what do these old plateaus contain?

A

Both plateaus are marked by a number of rivers and contain valuable mineral deposits.

41
Q

Where are the River Basins of Asia mainly located?

A

They are mainly located between the Central Mountain Belt and the Southern Plateaus.

42
Q

What are the main characteristics of the river valleys in Asia?

A

The river valleys have fertile alluvial soils and an abundant water supply.

43
Q

Where do most large rivers in Asia originate, and what is their nature?

A

Most large rivers in Asia originate in the Central Mountain Belt and are perennial.

44
Q

Which rivers drain the Mesopotamian lowland in Iraq?

A

The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers drain the Mesopotamian lowland.

45
Q

Which rivers drain the Indo-Gangetic Plain?

A

The Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, and their tributaries drain the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

46
Q

Name the rivers that flow in Myanmar and Indo-China.

A

The Irrawaddy River flows in Myanmar, and the Menam and Mekong Rivers flow in Indo-China.

47
Q

Which major rivers flow in China?

A

The Hwang Ho, the Yangtze, and the Si Kiang Rivers flow in China.

48
Q

What are the main uses of the rivers in Asia?

A

The rivers are utilized for irrigation, power generation, and navigation.

49
Q

Which are the three large island groups in Asia with active volcanoes, and name two active volcanoes in these islands?

A

Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Notable active volcanoes include Krakatau (Indonesia) and Mt. Mayon (Philippines).

50
Q

What are the extreme climate features of Asia and name the places representing these extremes?

A

Asia has some of the hottest, coldest, wettest, and driest places in the world:

Hottest: Jacobabad in Sindh, Pakistan

Coldest: Verkhoyansk in Siberia

Wettest: Cherrapunji and Mawsynram in India (Mawsynram receives nearly 1,100 cm of annual rainfall)

Driest: Arabia, Tibet, Gobi, and Mongolia

51
Q

What are the factors affecting the climate of Asia?

A

The climate of Asia is influenced by:
1. Latitudinal Extent: Ranges from 10°S to 80°N, encompassing equatorial, tropical, temperate, and frigid climates.

  1. Continentality: Central Asia’s landlocked position results in a continental climate.
  2. Relief Features: Mountain alignments prevent moisture-bearing winds, and the Central Highlands act as a barrier to warm influences, affecting the severity of winters and protecting the Indian plains from Arctic influences.
  3. Low-Pressure Trough: Develops over Arabia, Baluchistan, northwest India, and Tibet, causing winds from high-pressure regions of the Indian and Pacific Oceans to bring rainfall to India and east China.
  4. Jet Streams: Sub-tropical westerly jet streams cause westerly depressions in north India during winter, and tropical easterly jet streams influence monsoon winds in summer.
52
Q

Jet Stream:

A

A narrow belt of upper air current that blows in the higher altitudes of the troposphere, with speeds varying from 110 km/hr in summer to 184 km/hr in winter.

53
Q

What is the Tundra Climate, and where is it found in Asia?

A

The Tundra Climate features long, very cold winters with temperatures below freezing, and short, cool summers. It prevails in northern Siberia.

54
Q

What are the different types of Temperate Climate found in Asia?

A

The Temperate Climate includes:

• Mediterranean Type: Characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Found in west Asian countries such as Turkey and Syria.

• Steppes Type: Characterized by low annual rainfall, mostly occurring in summer, with hot summers and cold winters. Found around the Caspian Sea in Russia and Ukraine.

• Cool continental type : The Cool Temperate Continental Climate is marked by bitterly cold, long winters and cool, short summers with low annual precipitation, mostly as rain in summer and snow in winter. It largely prevails in central Siberia.

55
Q

What defines the Tropical Monsoon Climate, and where is it found in Asia?

A

The Tropical Monsoon Climate has distinct seasons, with most rainfall occurring during the summer monsoon. Some areas receive mild winter rainfall, but most regions remain dry in winter. It is found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, southern China, and parts of Japan.

56
Q

Describe the Tropical Hot Desert Climate and its locations in Asia.

A

The Tropical Hot Desert Climate features very hot summers, very low annual rainfall (less than 25 cm), and cold, dry winters. It is found in the Arabian Peninsula, the Persian Desert, and the Thar Desert of India and Pakistan.

57
Q

What is the Equatorial Climate, and where is it found in Asia?

A

The Equatorial Climate is characterized by consistently high temperatures throughout the year, direct sunlight, and daily convectional rain. It is hot and humid with no significant seasonal variation. It is found in countries close to the Equator, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka.

58
Q

What is Tundra Vegetation?

A

Tundra vegetation is found in Arctic coastal regions with long, extremely cold winters. During the short summer, when snow melts, lichen and short bushes grow. Common animals include reindeer, polar bears, and polar dogs.

59
Q

What is Taiga or Coniferous Forest?

A

Taiga, or Coniferous Forest, is found in a broad belt between 50°N latitude and the Arctic Circle. It features tall coniferous trees like fir, spruce, and pine, which are evergreen with needle-shaped leaves. The trees provide valuable softwood.

60
Q

What characterizes Tropical Deciduous Forests?

A

Tropical Deciduous Forests occur in most parts of India and Southeast Asia. They have a long dry season in winter, during which trees shed their leaves. The forest is less dense than equatorial forests and has fewer birds and animals.They feature trees like teak, sal, and sandalwood. These forests shed leaves during the long dry season and are also called monsoon forests. Elephants are commonly found here.

61
Q

What is Thorny Desert Vegetation?

A

Thorny Desert Vegetation is found in southwest Asia and Central Asia, including the Arabian Desert, Thar Desert, Gobi Desert, and Tibet. It features thorny scrubs, bushes, and clumps of grasses. Large areas may have sandy or rocky deserts with no vegetation. Date palms grow in oases. Common animals include camels, gazelles, cheetahs, and yaks in high plateau regions like Tibet.

62
Q

What is Tropical Rainforest or Equatorial Forests?

A

Tropical Rainforests, found in equatorial regions like Malaysia and Indonesia, feature tall trees forming a thick canopy. They have hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony, and mahogany. The forests are evergreen year-round due to the absence of a dry season. They are home to diverse wildlife, including monkeys, birds, butterflies, and various animals and reptiles. Some areas have been cleared for plantations of rubber, tea, cocoa, and coffee.

Geography (5 decks)

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