Urbanization Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
The increase of the proportion of people living in towns and cities
What are push factors?
Qualities of a place that push people away and make them want to live somewhere else
What are pull factors?
Qualities of a place that make people want to live there
Give 3 examples of potential push factors:
- lack of job opportunities
- high cost of living
- political instability/danger
Give 3 examples of potential pull factors:
- many job opportunities
- good education system
- safety
What are positives of living in favelas ( Brazil )?
- free housing
- diverse community
- creative freedom
- Informal job opportunities
What are the challenges of living in a favela?
- bad education system
- disease
- no water or electricity
- unsafe
- overcrowding
- high unemployment rate
- high infant mortality rate
What is an informal job?
A job that is not taxed or monitored in any way by the government
Example: selling jewellery at the beach, polishing shoes, braiding hair
What are positives of having an informal job?
- No taxation ( keep all money for yourself )
- Can choose when and where you work
- Can turn a hobby into a profession
- Does not require education or specific skills
What are challenges of having an informal job?
- Instability - no guaranteed wage
- No safety regulations
- Not provided with paid holidays or sick days
What is the multiplier affect?
When positive changes start being made to an area due to increase in jobs
Example: better healthcare, lower death rates due to higher employment of doctors
Explain 3 economic challenges in Brazil:
- many young people struggle to get a good education, especially in favelas, with most dropping out of school before 14. This means there are a lack of people prepared to be in high paying jobs or positions of authority
- lack of transport, especially in favelas. This means people are not able to get to work on time which may mean more people deciding to stay unemployed or being fired
- Lack of healthcare. This means that there is a higher rate of people unable to work due to untreated illnesses or injuries
Explain 3 economic opportunities in Rio ( why people may move from towns/favelas to cities )
- New infrastructure like cable cars being built. Offers a wider range of people access to transport, meaning they can get to work easier, and provides new jobs such as engineers, transport police etc.
- Rio has attracted many oil companies. This has provided economic growth in Rio, as there are many branches of oil companies located there and has also provided new job opportunities
- Ever since the olympics, certain areas of Rio have grown massively in popularity, meaning tourism has increased and it is receiving more money to put towards resources. It also means there are new jobs like tour guides available and buisnesses get more money
What is another word for a city?
Urban
What is another word for the countryside?
Suburban
