Urbanization Flashcards
What is Urbanization?
The growth of cities
What does rural mean?
Out in the country, farm
What is another nickname for Chicago?
“The Windy City”
Who was William Le Baron Jenney?
The person who made the modern skyscraper
Who was D.H. Burnham?
The first architect who used steel as a super structure
Who was Frank Loyd Wright?
The person who created “Prairie House” school of architecture
he believed in organic architecture and that FUNCTION FOLLOWS FORM!
Who was Louis Sullivan?
Created the Chicago School of Agriculture?
Believed that FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
How did Louis Sullivan and Frank Loyd Wright think differently?
Louis Sullivan believed that form follows function while Frank Loyd Wright believed that function follows form.
What is another nickname for New York City?
“Gotham”
Who was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi?
The person who made the Statue of Liberty?
What was Ellis Island?
The place the immigrants were processed, very business and chaotic and uncomfortable for immigrants.
What does Steerage mean?
Steerage was the poorest part of the ship. It was often dirty and filthy and illness spread around. It was also often near the bottom of the ship. Cows were also brought in steerage and made it dirty too.
What was the trip like for immigrants coming into the U.S.?
The drip was dreadful and dangerous. People were crammed into tight spaces and got sickly.
What were “dumbells”?
Dumbells were living quarters in Ellis Island. Crowded, stale air, smells bad, fire hazard bc they were so close that if one catches on fire they all do.
Who is Jacob Riis?
The man who wrote “How the Other Half Lives.”
What are the 6 main reasons for urbanization?
industrialization, mechanization, economic opportunity, urban culture, African Americans, gateways for immigrants
What is xenophobia
A fear of strangers (immigrants)
What is nativism?
Favoritism towards natives usually for racist reasons.
Why were the “new immigrants” undesirable people?
Because they spoke a different language, had a different culture, and religion
What was the American Protective Association?
created by the old immigrants, they were nativists who didn’t trust the new immigrants, their goal was to restrict immigration.
Who was Thomas Nas?
Famous for creating the two political party symbols, the elephant and the donkey and he created the political cartoon.
Who was William Tweed?
The person in charge of Tammany Hall
What was Tammany Hall?
A political machine that would take advantage of immigrants to gain their political votes and steal their money through taxes. This could be used to gain control over whole town.
What are some key differences between Ellis Island and Angel Island?
Ellis Island had mostly European immigrants while Angel Island had mostly Asian immigrants.
Ellis Island had about 12 million immigrants come through while Angel Island only had about 300,000 immigrants come through.
Ellis Island rejected A LOT less immigrants than Angel Island.
What are some key similarities between Ellis Island and Angel Island?
Both had tests and exams for the immigrants to take.
Both were islands
Both rejected or denied sickly immigrants
Both had mostly immigrants who traveled on ship in steerage.
What were the three disenfranchisement laws?
Literacy Law, Poll Tax, and Grandfather Clause.
What did Plessy V. Ferguson state?
That segregation was legal so long as the facilities were equal.
What did the 13th amendment do?
Abolished slavery
What did the 14th amendment do?
Granted formerly enslaved people citizenship
What did the 15th amendment do?
Gave male slaves the right to vote / sufferage
Who could vote in America?
All males who were American citizens, including slaves.
What were the Jim Crow Laws?
Laws that enforced segregation in the south and were “anti-black”
What were the problems of urbanization?
Overcrowding, Crime, Pollution
Who created Tuskegee University?
Booker T. Washington
What did Booker T. Washington belive?
He was a social Darwinist that believed you get what you want by working hard.
What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe in?
Believed in equality and that the former slaves should be considered equal to everyone else.
What was Tuskegee Institutes goal?
To help educate formerly enslaved people.
Who was William Tweed and what was he in charge of?
He was in charge of Tamany Hall.
Who was Thomas Nass and who was he to William Tweed?
Nass was the person who made the political party symbols and wrote political cartoons against Tamany Hall, was William Tweed’s enemy/rival.
What did Jane Adams do?
Founded the Hull House, a settelement home meant to help immigrants and americanize or naturalize them.
Who was Jacob Riis?
Wrote “How the Other Half Lives” had a large impact on people because they weren’t aware.
