Urbanisation In Global Cities Flashcards
Describe the location of Dharavi.
Dharavi is located approximately 1 km north of Mumbai’s CBD, on marshland, and is surrounded by two railway lines.
Where is Mumbai?
Mumbai is located on the west coast of India next to the Arabian Sea.
Why is Mumbai considered a global city?
Mumbai is the location of many regional HQs of MNCs, including banks like Tata Steel. It has major airports and a port where 40% of international flights land, making it a major trading centre.
List 5 push factors that have led to Mumbai’s growth.
Drought, lack of employment, lack of education, lack of safe water, power supply issues in shanty towns.
List 5 pull factors that have led to Mumbai’s growth.
Better access to health, education, water, jobs (especially in secondary and tertiary sectors), and cheap accommodation for low-skilled workers.
Explain how slum clearance projects like Vision Mumbai may have benefits.
Slums may be replaced with offices and shops that will create thousands of jobs and add billions to Mumbai’s economy. Local residents may be given small flats in return for their slum if they can prove they have lived there for a minimum of years (50%).
Explain how slum clearance projects like Vision Mumbai may cause problems for local residents.
Over half of residents may not be given a flat. Traditional industries in Dharavi may be destroyed, leading to a loss of jobs.
Name 3 other problems faced by Mumbai.
Lack of formal jobs, poor air quality, high traffic congestion, widespread poverty.
List 4 ways that Mumbai is trying to improve its transport system.
Roads have been widened and new roads built; new railway lines have been constructed and new trains invested in, increasing transport capacity by 30%; 100,000 people in slums have been re-homed to allow for infrastructure improvements; flexible working hours have been introduced.
Why is traffic a major problem in Mumbai?
Narrow roads, rapidly increasing car ownership, and richer people increasingly living in the suburbs of the city.
Why are Mumbai trains so overcrowded?
The old railway network and Mumbai’s location on an island lead to limited rail lines and bridges.
Give 4 ways that living in Dharavi affects people’s quality of life.
Lack of sanitation (e.g., 500 people sharing one toilet), lack of access to clean water (queue for a limited water supply), air pollution (leading to health conditions like asthma), and lack of legal rights (no legal rights to the land and lack of security and privacy).
How has micro-credit helped improve people’s lives?
Loans are used to pay for education and business setup, allowing people to earn more money and afford better food, clothing, housing, and education, which increases the wealth of the area (positive multiplier effect).
What is slum clearance?
The demolition of slums - often against slum dwellers’ wishes.
What are three facts about Vision Mumbai?
Approximately 50% of slum dwellers are given new houses.
Top down project; $30 billion project (Can’t use it as an improvement of slums they are destroyed).
What are two reasons why car ownership is increasing in Mumbai?
Living in suburbs and commuting to work in the CBD; exponential population growth.
Describe the location of Sydney.
Located in South East Australia.
What are four reasons why Sydney is considered a global city?
Many HQ’s of MNCs; international airport and port; excellent universities; major international tourist destination.
What are four problems faced by Sydney?
Congestion/traffic jams; water shortages due to climate; homelessness and high price of housing; large volume of rubbish.
How has Sydney tried to become more sustainable?
Built desalination plants to help with water shortages; building 5-10% of low cost homes to help people afford housing; spending $600 million in improving the railway network; recycling centres to recycle 63% of its waste.
How has the distribution of the World’s largest mega cities changed since 1950?
In 1950, only 2 mega cities: New York and Tokyo - both HICs. Now there are 28, mainly in Asia - MIC and LICs, with a number also found in Africa and South America.
Define a) global city, b) mega city, c) push factor, d) pull factor, e) natural increase.
a) global city: globally important city; b) mega city: a city with more than 10 million residents; c) push factor: a reason for leaving a place; d) pull factor: a reason for moving to a place; e) natural increase: when more people are born than people who die.
