Urban And Rural Processes In The Uk Flashcards
Define urbanisation.
The process of cities or towns expanding and getting bigger.
Define sub-urbanisation.
Suburbs on the outer edge of settlements grow outwards as new houses and services are built to accommodate more people.
Define counter-urbanisation.
The population of a village increases due to people migrating from urban areas (may be due to commuter settlements).
Define infill.
Building within unused land within existing development patterns (typically in urban areas).
Name 3 effects of rural depopulation.
Population decreases so shops close, schools close, doctors close. This means that more young people leave so the population becomes older.
Name 3 effects of counter-urbanisation.
House prices increase so local people are pushed out, schools/doctors can’t cope with increased population. New clubs open, higher traffic congestion due to commuting from sleeper settlements, increase air/traffic pollution, houses built on greenfield sites so loss of habitat and farmland.
What is a zone of affluence?
Summertown: High end shops (M&S), low unemployment rates of 1.6%, houses are owner occupied with expensive prices of 1.6 million, good education and degrees with only 4% no qualifications.
What is a zone of deprivation?
Blackbird Leys: Few small local shops, 30 minutes bus to CBD, highest unemployment rate, 36% no qualifications, ex-council estate with over 50% housing rented from council or social housing.
What is a multi-ethnic zone?
Cowley Road: High % of different ethnic groups, shops are targeted at ethnic groups (e.g., halal butchers, Polish shops), 3 mosques, privately rented houses 44%, average price of 350k.
What is a re-urbanisation zone?
Jericho: Terraced housing in inner city near old factories, gentrified shops and services aimed at young professionals and students, low unemployment rate of 2%, 47% with university degree, high % of privately rented housing 41%, average price of 525,933.
Give 2 advantages of building on greenfield sites.
Cheaper to build, possibly more space.
Give 3 disadvantages of building on greenfield sites.
Loss of farmland, increase risk of flooding, destroys environments.
Give 2 advantages of building on a Brownfield site.
Often built on derelict land - improves the environment, often inside the city - less need for cars or commuting.
Give 3 disadvantages of building on a Brownfield site.
More expensive to build on, land more expensive, pollution.
What are 5 reasons why shops in the CBD are closing?
Growth of online shopping, lack of parking in city centres, growth of out of town shopping centres, local markets offer more choice at a lower cost, more accessibility, comparability, availability, variety, convenience.
What is al range?
The distance people will travel to go to a shop.
What is threshold population?
The minimum number of people needed within a catchment area for a shop to break even.
What is catchment area?
The area where a shop’s customers come from.
What are high order goods?
Comparison goods - goods bought infrequently and expensive.
What are low order goods?
Convenience goods - goods bought frequently and cheaply.
How is internet shopping affecting jobs?
Shops are closing due to less demand meaning that workers are losing their jobs.
How is internet shopping affecting the environment?
Less litter in shopping centres and areas, less air/noise pollution due to cars travelling to centres.
How is internet shopping affecting people?
More accessible for disabled people, easy to compare and buy what you want, older people don’t understand technology, more convenient to order.
What are the positives of hosting the Rugby World Cup?
Created 16,000 direct jobs, positive multiplier effect - led to over 20,000 indirect jobs, added 2 billion to UK’s economy, increased participation in sport.
