Urbanisation Flashcards
In 1950, ___% of people lived in urban areas, compared to just over ____% in 2014.
30
50
In the developed world, the urban population has only increased slightly since 1945. This is because
Urbanisation began much earlier than in the developing world, (I.e. The Industrial Revolution)
Many people are leaving cities such as London and New York
In the developing world, most people currently live in _________ _______ - but this is changing fast.
Rural areas
In developing countries, old cities are growing in size and new cities are forming.
Example?
Beijing, China
Urban population:
- 4million (1970)
- 4million (2015)
The four processes that involve the movement of people into and out of urban areas
Urbanisation
Suburbanisation
Counter-urbanisation
Urban resurgence
Urbanisation
An increase in the proportion of a country’s population living in a town or city
Urban growth
The Increase in the total population of a town or city
Urban expansion
The increase in size or geographical footprint of the city
Rural to Urban Migration
People moving to the cities from urban areas because of push and pull factors
Natural increase
Younger generation (15-40) moving to cities and having children -increasing the population
R-to-U Push Factors
Population Growth - over farming - reduced yields due to poor soil quality
Disease
Natural Disasters
War
R-to-U Pull Factors
Unskilled labour in high demand and better paid than rural areas
Money from informal sector
Perceived better quality of life
Better quality social provisions (education, healthcare, entertainment)
Impacts of urbanisation
Urban sprawl Housing shortages Transport issues Employment Lack of services
In developing countries, urbanisation can lead to
Shanty towns
Unplanned and often illegal settlements made out of any material available
Suburbanisation
Decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area
Push factors for suburbanisation
Poor quality inner-city housing
Deindustrialisation
Lack of aspiration
Pull factors for suburbanisation
Easy to get mortgages in 1930s – 50s
Transport
Businesses move to suburbs
Technology
Impacts of suburbanisation on suburbs
Increased pollution Increased infrastructure Changing house prices Utilisation of green and brownfield sites Improved quality of living
Impacts of suburbanisation on city centre
Direction
Economic and ethnic segregation
Increased pollution
Counter urbanisation
Movement of people out of the urban areas to the rural areas and smaller urban settlements
Push Factors for counter urbanisation
Pollution
Congestion and parking issues
Suburban areas are becoming more popular – increased house prices
Pull factors for counter urbanisation
Larger houses
Improve quality of life
Increased car ownership and public transport
Technology
Why have agricultural difficulties contributed to counter urbanisation?
Farmers are selling land to earn a living
Impacts of counter urbanisation on rural areas
Changing population structure
Changing property prices
Local services impacted
New buildings
