urbanisation

Question 1

define megacity

Answer 1

a city with a population of over 10 million people

Question 2

define urbanisation

Answer 2

the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas (towns and cities) in comparison to rural areas (countryside)

Question 3

describe where the areas with high and low urbanisation are located.

Answer 3

areas with highest % of urbanisation:
- north america (ie Canada & the USA), Europe (ie France & Germany) and Australasia (ie New Zealand)
- these tend to be countries that are developed
areas with low levels of urbanisation:
- south east Asia and Africa
- these tend to be less developed

Question 4

name the push factors of rural to urban migration

Answer 4

PUSH

• drought, leading to famine (eg Sudan)
• flooding (eg Dhaka)
• lack of employment opportunities (Sub-Saharan Africa)
• poor education and health services
• land shortage due to population growth
• political unrest/war ie afghanistan

Question 5

name the pull factors of rural to urban migration

Answer 5

PULL

• higher standard of living in the city (mexico city)
• more job opportunities
• closer to health services (birthing centres/ vaccinations)
• colleges & universities are accessible
• better social environment

Question 6

why is there a natural increase in population in some areas?

Answer 6

the birth rate exceeds the death rate

Question 7

what types of places have rapid natural increase?

Answer 7

• poor countries due to the lack of contraception & their culture.
• places with a younger population as they could have a higher fertility rate & are more likely to have babies

Question 8

what is the global pattern of urbanisation?

Answer 8

north america - very slow  
south america - medium
europe - low
africa - extreme but varies
asia - medium
austalasia - meduim

Question 9

describe urban growth rate of north america

Answer 9

• meduim urban growth rate

- urban areas increased 1-4% from 2000-05

Question 10

describe urban growth rate of south america

Answer 10

• meduim urban growth rate
• urban areas increased 1-4%
• uruguay has low growth rate of less than 1%

Question 11

describe urban growth rate of europe

Answer 11

• low urban growth rate of less than 1%

- republic of ireland & portugal have medium growth rates of 1-4%

Question 12

describe urban growth rate of africa

Answer 12

• varied urban growth rate
• most countries ie Niger/ Somalia have extreme growth of 5% or more
• Libya/Egypt have medium urban growth of 1-4%

Question 13

describe urban growth rate of asia

Answer 13

• mainly medium growth rate of 1-4%
• east russia has low growth of less than 1%
• afghanistan has high growth 4- less than 5%

Question 14

describe urban growth rate of australasia

Answer 14

• mainly medium urban growth rate of 1-4%

Question 15

describe general trend of urban growth

Answer 15

lower income countries generally have less & small urban areas but higher rates of urbanisation

Question 16

what 2 factors are urbanisation levels affected by & why

Answer 16

• migration (push & pull factors cause movement of population from 1 area to another - mass urbanisation. millions from LICs move to cities)
• natural increase (natural increase in LICs increase as death rates fall in cities due to access to medical care, improved water supplies etc)

Question 17

describe pattern of natural increase in pakistan, russia & london & reasons

Answer 17

• Pakistan’s population naturally increasing by 1.75% bc they’re poorer due to lack of contraception
• Russia’s population naturally deccreasing bc birth rate is v. low
• London’s population naturally increasing by 0.3% (more than the rest of UK) bc there’s higher no. of young ppl thus they have a higher birth rate

Question 18

describe global distribution of world megacities

Answer 18

• highest concentration of megacities located in asia (11 megacities)
• small amount located in north america (3) & south america (3)
• 2 located in africa
• 1 located in europe