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GCSE Human Geography > Urbanisation > Flashcards

Urbanisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is urbanisation

A

The rise in the percentage of people living in Urban areas (towns and cities), in comparison with rural areas

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2
Q

Give two examples for Urban growth

A
  • Rural to Urban migration

- Natural increases

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3
Q

What is rural to urban migration

A
  • Moving to a remote country

- Less jobs in rural -> Move for better opportunities

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4
Q

Name some push factors of Rural to Urban migration

A
  • Not enough jobs
  • Lack of services
  • Few opportunities
  • Rural poverty
  • Drought and flooding
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5
Q

Name some pull factors of Rural to Urban migration

A
  • More jobs available
  • Better services
  • Better opportunities (e.g. education)
  • Better housing
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6
Q

What is a natural increase

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate

- In London the number of children under 5 increased by 24% from 2010 to 2011

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7
Q

Issues in the developing Urban Areas

A
  • Poor sanitation
  • More informal housing
  • Money leaves Urban to rural families
  • High crime
  • Skill shortages
  • More food miles
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8
Q

Issues in the developed Urban Areas

A
  • Housing shortages
  • Overcrowding
  • Energy demand
  • Pressure on jobs
  • Traffic congestion
  • Pollution
  • High population density
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9
Q

Planning solution for Housing

A
  • Build 240,000 on green/brown filed land
  • E.g. Great Park (2,500)
    + 1,500 jobs
    + Adjacent to A1 - good access
    + Potentially 27km of cycle tracks
  • Average cost is more than average wage
  • Other Areas could be used (Byker. Scotswood)
  • Traffic values will increase
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10
Q

Evaluation for housing

A 
- Greenbelt is protected
\+ Pressure on inner cities
\+ Space on greenfield land (cheap)
\+ More sustainable (greenfield)
\+ Land is cheaper on the outside of the city
\+ Stops loss of countryside
- Costly to clean up brownfield land
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11
Q

Planning solution of Inner cities and government policy

A
  • TWDC- improve areas making them more attractive

- West end city challenge - ( extension of Newcastle brewery, alarms for students)

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12
Q

Evaluation of Inner cities and government policy

A

TWDC- Improved quality of area and created jobs.

  • 280 jobs.
  • Students failing to achieve
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13
Q

Planning solution of traffic

A
  • Scrappage schemes
  • Increase number of lanes (A1)
  • Congestion charges (Durham pay to entre)
  • Metro, buses
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14
Q

Evaluation of traffic

A
  • 30% decrease in amount of cars use in London
  • Bikes encouraged people, not successful in winter
  • Metro -> doesn’t pollute
  • Bikes -> cheap, accessible, convenient
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15
Q

Planning solution of Revitalising the CBD

A

Pedestrians - restrict vehicles = good air quality
Shopping centres - Covered - People still shop
Quality of environment - Furniture, benches paving
Gentrifying - Building’s look nicer, historic feel e.g. Quayside
Regeneration - Flagship shopping centres (Gate, inTu Eldon square)

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16
Q

Evaluation of Revitalising the CBD

A
  • More people shop in Eldon Square

- Quayside is for leisure

17
Q

Ethnic segregation and multiculturalism planning solution

A
  • Leaflets in other languages (included/ access services)
  • Interpreters in hospitals etc.
  • Services for different cultures (female doctors)
18
Q

Ethnic segregation and multiculturalism Evaluation

A

Interpreters - Insures people aren’t segregated/ costly
Communication - No barriers in decision making/ encourages integration
Services - Costly/ difficult
English classes - Breaks barriers/ prevents racism/ stops need for interpreters

19
Q

Sustainable Urban strategies

A
  • Recycling water (toilet systems NCL UNI)
  • Brownfield sites (Brings people to the area QUAYSIDE)
  • Reducing use of fossil fuels (Qlink buses -> hybrid)
  • Provide green space (MOOR, JESOMND)
  • Conserving cultural/ historical environment (GREY STREET, brings tourist -> money)
20
Q

How is bedZED in London sustainable?

A
  • Recycled building materials
  • Facing south (Solar panels)
  • Using 300 mm insulation jackets on buildings
  • Low energy lighting and appliances throughout
  • Energy tracking metres (Kettle numbers)
  • Roof gardens, rain water harvesting
  • Green transport plan (Avoiding unsustainable things e.g. roads)
  • ZEDcars Two people+ fast car lanes, reduce amount of cars

GCSE Human Geography (14 decks)

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