Urbanisation

Question 1

Name some issues currently facing cities

Answer 1

Migration
Climate change
Unemployment
Homelessness

Question 2

Why does urbanisation play an important part in urban affairs?

Answer 2

• greater geography mobility
• reduces poverty
• lower fertility
• lonher life expectancy

Question 3

How has urban population increased between 1950 and 2014?

Answer 3

It has increased

Question 4

What is the 2045 urban population expected to exceed?

Answer 4

6 billion

Question 5

What is a millionaire city?

Answer 5

1 million people

Question 6

What is a megacity?

Answer 6

10 million people

Question 7

What is a metacity?

Answer 7

20+ million people

Question 8

What are the two main causes of urban growth?

Answer 8

Natural increase

Rural to urban migration

Question 9

What are some negative impacts of urban sprawl?

Answer 9

Loss of habitat and wildlife
More infrastructure needs to be built
Industry and business decentralises, therefore there is increasing homogenisation of the landscape

Question 10

Where are squatter settlements typically located?

Answer 10

On the edge of cities
Low value land
Close to transport networks and links

Question 11

What are some regional names of squatter settlements?

Answer 11

Favelas, Brazil
Bidonvilles, West Africa
Bustees, parts of India

Question 12

What problem has occurred due to a shortage of housing in wealthy cities?

Answer 12

House prices and rental costs have increased massively

Question 13

Why is there pressure on jobs in cities?

Answer 13

Because there isn’t enough to supply the demand for jobs

Question 14

Why has transport increased in urban areas?

Answer 14

Due to the processes of urbanisation and suburbanisation

Question 15

What problems are caused by transport in urban areas?

Answer 15

Congestion
Noise pollution
Air polution

Question 16

What is urban sprawl?

Answer 16

The spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside

Question 17

What is natural increase?

Answer 17

Birth rate minus death rate per 1000 per year

Question 18

What is rural-urban migration?

Answer 18

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas

Question 19

What is a push factor (definition)

Answer 19

Reasons why people move AWAY from an area (negative)

Question 20

What is a pull factor? (Definition)

Answer 20

Reasons why people are attracted to an area (positive)

Question 21

What is homogenisation?

Answer 21

The process of people, products and places becoming the same/indistinct from one another

Question 22

What is under employment?

Answer 22

When a person is not doing work that makes full use of their skills and abilities

Question 23

When might under employment occur?

Answer 23

When a migrant moves to a new city

Question 24

When did urban population take over rural population?

Answer 24

2005

Question 25

What is urban growth?

Answer 25

The increase in number of urban dwellers

Question 26

What is an example of a place where there is a high proportion of young families?

Answer 26

London's 'Nappy Valley' from Clapham to Fulham

Question 27

What is the informal sector?

Answer 27

Jobs where taxes aren't paid, wages aren't reliable, not monitored by any form of government

Question 28

What is the Brown Agenda?

Answer 28

A mis of social and environmental problems in LEDC cities brough about by the rapid growth and industrialisation associated with economic development

Question 29

What are the two main components of the Brown Agenda?

Answer 29

1) traditional issues with limited availabilty of good land, shelter and services 2) problems resulting from rapid industrialisation

Question 30

What is the target of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals?

Answer 30

To ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and to upgrade slums by 2030

Question 31

What are some strategies that are used to improve the developments of the informal settlements?

Answer 31

Eradicate them by bulldozing Self help or site and service schemes Slum upgrading programmes

Question 32

What are some reasons for why there is a shortage of housing in the UK

Answer 32

Young people are more affluent Rural urban migration Increase in divorce rates