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Human Geography - CUE > Urbanisation > Flashcards

Urbanisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Name some issues currently facing cities

A

Migration
Climate change
Unemployment
Homelessness

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2
Q

Why does urbanisation play an important part in urban affairs?

A
  • greater geography mobility
  • reduces poverty
  • lower fertility
  • lonher life expectancy
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3
Q

How has urban population increased between 1950 and 2014?

A

It has increased

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4
Q

What is the 2045 urban population expected to exceed?

A

6 billion

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5
Q

What is a millionaire city?

A

1 million people

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6
Q

What is a megacity?

A

10 million people

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7
Q

What is a metacity?

A

20+ million people

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8
Q

What are the two main causes of urban growth?

A

Natural increase

Rural to urban migration

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9
Q

What are some negative impacts of urban sprawl?

A

Loss of habitat and wildlife
More infrastructure needs to be built
Industry and business decentralises, therefore there is increasing homogenisation of the landscape

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10
Q

Where are squatter settlements typically located?

A

On the edge of cities
Low value land
Close to transport networks and links

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11
Q

What are some regional names of squatter settlements?

A

Favelas, Brazil
Bidonvilles, West Africa
Bustees, parts of India

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12
Q

What problem has occurred due to a shortage of housing in wealthy cities?

A

House prices and rental costs have increased massively

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13
Q

Why is there pressure on jobs in cities?

A

Because there isn’t enough to supply the demand for jobs

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14
Q

Why has transport increased in urban areas?

A

Due to the processes of urbanisation and suburbanisation

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15
Q

What problems are caused by transport in urban areas?

A

Congestion
Noise pollution
Air polution

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16
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

The spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside

17
Q

What is natural increase?

A

Birth rate minus death rate per 1000 per year

18
Q

What is rural-urban migration?

A

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas

19
Q

What is a push factor (definition)

A

Reasons why people move AWAY from an area (negative)

20
Q

What is a pull factor? (Definition)

A

Reasons why people are attracted to an area (positive)

21
Q

What is homogenisation?

A

The process of people, products and places becoming the same/indistinct from one another

22
Q

What is under employment?

A

When a person is not doing work that makes full use of their skills and abilities

23
Q

When might under employment occur?

A

When a migrant moves to a new city

24
Q

When did urban population take over rural population?

A

2005

25
Q

What is urban growth?

A

The increase in number of urban dwellers

26
Q

What is an example of a place where there is a high proportion of young families?

A

London’s ‘Nappy Valley’ from Clapham to Fulham

27
Q

What is the informal sector?

A

Jobs where taxes aren’t paid, wages aren’t reliable, not monitored by any form of government

28
Q

What is the Brown Agenda?

A

A mis of social and environmental problems in LEDC cities brough about by the rapid growth and industrialisation associated with economic development

29
Q

What are the two main components of the Brown Agenda?

A

1) traditional issues with limited availabilty of good land, shelter and services
2) problems resulting from rapid industrialisation

30
Q

What is the target of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals?

A

To ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and to upgrade slums by 2030

31
Q

What are some strategies that are used to improve the developments of the informal settlements?

A

Eradicate them by bulldozing
Self help or site and service schemes
Slum upgrading programmes

32
Q

What are some reasons for why there is a shortage of housing in the UK

A

Young people are more affluent
Rural urban migration
Increase in divorce rates

Human Geography - CUE (7 decks)

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