urbanisation

Question 1

Country with a low human development

Answer 1

developing

Question 2

Country with a high or medium human development

Answer 2

emerging

Question 3

Country with a very high human development

Answer 3

developed

Question 4

An increasing proportion or percentage of people living in towns and cities

Answer 4

urbanisation

Question 5

A city with more than 1 million inhabitants

Answer 5

Millionaire city

Question 6

A very large city with a population of at least 10 million inhabitants

Answer 6

Megacity

Question 7

A city that has influence all over the world ( a globally important city) world cities are centres for trade and business and they are also cultural and science hubs

Answer 7

Global city

Question 8

The difference between a developed and developing countries can be shown on a model over time

Answer 8

Urbanisation pathway

Question 9

The process which causes a town to grow and expand outwards

Answer 9

Suburbanisation

Question 10

The movement of people from an urban area into the surrounding rural region

Answer 10

Counter urbanisation

Question 11

Changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it

Answer 11

Urban re imaging

Question 12

Developing a town or city to reimage it and change peoples idea of it, promoting a town or city to a target audience or market

Answer 12

Urban rebranding

Question 13

This involves re using areas in the old parts of the cities abandoned as people moved out to the suburbs and beyond

Answer 13

Urban regeneration

Question 14

Low density developments, vacant building plots and open spaces are being developed

Answer 14

Urbanisation of suburbs

Question 15

a fundamental process that describes how economic activity in a region or city can affect other types of economic activity and lead to development

Answer 15

The multiplier effect

Question 16

As a business/ city grows it can experience economies of scale. This is when the average cost of a product falls

Answer 16

Economies of scale

Question 17

Things that make people want to leave rural areas

Answer 17

Push factors

Question 18

Things that attract people to urban areas

Answer 18

Pull factors

Question 19

The difference between the number of live births and deaths in a population over a period of time, usually a year

Answer 19

Natural increase

Question 20

This is the heart of the city where you will find tall buildings and lots of businesses. It’s the place where people work and do business

Answer 20

Central business district

Question 21

Here you’ll find older houses and small apartments. the people living here are usually working class individuals who have jobs like factory workers or manual workers

Answer 21

Inner city

Question 22

The easiness by which people can reach the desired activity sites, such as those offering employment,shopping, medical care or recreation

Answer 22

accessibility

Question 23

An undeveloped area of land that has not been built on before usually located on the outskirts of a city or town

Answer 23

Greenfield land

Question 24

A piece of land that was previously developed but is now abandoned and awaiting a new use

Answer 24

Brownfield site

Question 25

Contains medium class residential housing that was built between the 2 world wars. Often semi detached housing and council estates

Answer 25

Zone 4 - suburbs

Question 26

The region within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce. As such, it is usually located in the central business district of a town or city and has the greatest density of transport links such as roads or rail

Answer 26

Peak land value intersection

Question 27

The area between the factory zone and the working class zone

Answer 27

Transition zone

Question 28

Countryside being 'eroded' by the outward spread of the built up area to provide space for housing and to provide space for housing and non residential areas

Answer 28

Urban sprawl

Question 29

A person's food intake is reduced and their eating patterns are disrupted because of lack of money and other resources for obtaining food

Answer 29

Food insecutiry

Question 30

A situation where a country or household lacks access to energy or cannot afford it

Answer 30

Energy poverty

Question 31

The heating of homes by coal fires. This is now done by the gas central heating systems

Answer 31

Domestic heating

Question 32

Gases that are released into the air. In this case the gases are released from road vehicles such as cars

Answer 32

Pollution

Question 33

a harmful greenhouse gas emitted from road vehicles

Answer 33

Nitrogen dioxide

Question 34

Deaths that occur early

Answer 34

Premature deaths

Question 35

These are the rules, in this case to do with how clean the air has to be

Answer 35

Clean air act

Question 36

A group of 28 countries that work together politically and economically

Answer 36

European union

Question 37

A collection of low quality, improvised housing built illegally on land that the residents do not own

Answer 37

Squatter settlement

Question 38

The part of an economy that is not formally registered, taxed, or monitored by the government

Answer 38

Informal economy

Question 39

An individuals perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations , standards and concerns

Answer 39

Quality of life

Question 40

The presence of harmful substances in urban areas, such as air and noise pollution

Answer 40

Urban pollution

Question 41

The area where the city meets the countryside and is characterised by a mix of land uses

Answer 41

Rural urban fringe

Question 42

An area where company offices and light industrial premises are built

Answer 42

Business parks

Question 43

A collection of buildings and facilities that support scientific research and development

Answer 43

Science park

Question 44

An industrial park can be thought of as a more ‘heavyweight’ version of a business park or office park , as it has heavy industry rather than just light industry

Answer 44

An industrial park

Question 45

A stakeholder refers to any group or individual who is affected or has an interest in a development, such as a new housing estate

Answer 45

Stakeholder

Question 46

Businesses like shops, offices and banks cluster in the CBD because they need high accessibility to attract customers. These areas have high land values due to demand but businesses can afford them due to the high profits generated by in busy locations. Older industries cluster near the inner city for accessibility to transport routes, newer industries locate on the cities edge where land values are lower yet still meet their locational needs for large facilities and good road access, whereas housing clusters based on affordable and proximity to workplaces

Answer 46

Why do land uses cluster together

Question 47

It refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases.

Answer 47

What is the bid rent theory

Question 48

A model that explains how cities grow in concentric circles

Answer 48

Burgess

Question 49

What are critiques of the burgess model

Answer 49

- its outdated cities cities have advanced since then eg regeneration and gentrification - no blurring of zones - based on only developed countries

Question 50

Gentrification is the process of middle and upper-class individuals moving into traditionally lower and working-class areas in a city, displacing original residents as greater investment and prices begin to rise.

Answer 50

What is gentrification

Question 51

City centre

Answer 51

In which part of the city are land values the highest

Question 52

1. Natural population growth - in cities, birth rates are often higher than death rates, due to improving healthcare causing the population to naturally increase over time this growth adds to the size of cities making them large enough to become megacities 2. Rural to urban migration - people move from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs, improved education , healthcare and quality of life. This rapid surge of people increase the population of cities contributing to the growth of mega cities.

Answer 52

Outline 2 factors encouraging the emergence of mega cities

Question 53

Informal settlements, which tend to form in areas without proper urban planning as the government cant keep up with the rapid rate of urbanisation

Answer 53

State one piece evidence that shows an urban areas may have experienced rapid urbanisation

Question 54

Work that is unregulated and not officially protected by laws such as street sellers

Answer 54

Define informal employment

Question 55

1. Better quality of life - people tend to move out of urban areas for less congestion, cleaner air and more spacious housing 2. Improved transportation - because of improved transportation links, people are able to commute to cities while living in rural areas , and advanced technology allows for remote working

Answer 55

Explain 2 factors that have contributed to counter urbanisation

Question 56

1. Green spaces - the creation of parks like kings cross pond club in central london provides recreational spaces as-well as helping reduce pollution by increasing greenery in cities improving quality of life 2. Affordable housing - the uk government has invested in building more affordable houses, to reduce homelessness and overcrowding, improving living conditions

Answer 56

Explain 2 strategies designed to improve quality of life in urban areas in a developed country

Question 57

It is cheaper to build on

Answer 57

Identify one advantage of building on a greenfield site

Question 58

Community - to battle waste management in curitiba brazil, the community is involved in the green exchange program - where low income residents trade recyclable waste for fresh produce Their local government - curitiba has a bus rapid transit system which uses designated bus lanes to reduce congestion and air pollution

Answer 58

For a named developing country, explain how two different groups managed challenges within urban environments

Question 59

Income levels - residents of a city with a higher income would have access to better housing, healthcare and education improving quality of life whereas those with a lower income would have worse housing, healthcare and education leading to a poorer quality of life

Answer 59

Explain one reason for differences in quality of life

Question 60

1. Cost of land - higher land values are in the city centre encouraging. High density uses like offices, high rise apartments and banks whereas the further from the city centre you go the more the value of land decreases allowing for more spacious residential uses 2. Accessibility - areas that are easily accessible like the CBD are often used for commercial activities - as they are more likely to attract business and customers throough major roads and public transport

Answer 60

Explain 2 reasons why urban land use patterns vary

Question 61

Local councils - reduce pollution by introducing congestion charges eg in London to reduce traffic pollution, and the local councils focus on improving public transport to lower car use to reduce air pollution from vehicular emissions Communities - cities like BedZED promote sustainable living with each home using solar panels, reusing grey water and incorporating energy efficient designs, to reduce environmental impact

Answer 61

For named developed country, explain how two different groups managed of people manage environmental urban challenges

Question 62

Where people of different ethnicities and cultures live grouped together in their cultures

Answer 62

Segregation

Question 63

It is more sustainable as existing developed land is being used, so no wildlife environments are being destroyed

Answer 63

Explain one advantage of building on a brownfield site

Question 64

There are cheaper land prices and more affordable housing in suburban areas

Answer 64

State one reason why suburbanisation occurs