Population Flashcards
What is a demographic transition model
The demographic transitional model graphs birth rate, death rate and natural increase. The word demographic means population and transition relates to change therefore it proposes what should happen to a population over time
What will happen to the population if birth rate is higher than death rate
The population will increase
What will happen to the population if the death rate is greater than the birth rate
The population will naturally decrease
How does the rate of natural increase compare in LDCs to MEDCs
The rate of natural increase is much higher in developing countries as many MEDs are actually experiencing population decline
What is a LEDC
Less economically developed countries
What are MEDCs
More economically developed countries
How many stages are in the demographic transition model
5 stages
What is stage one in the demographic transition model
High fluctuating (high death and birth rates)
What is stage 2 in the demographic transition model
Early expanding (falling death rates but birth rates are still high)
What is stage three in the demographic transition model
Late expanding (death rates are low and birth rates begin to fall)
What is stage 4 in the demographic transition model
Low fluctuating (both mortality and birth rates are low)
What is stage 5 in the demographic transitional model
Decline (birth rates remain low and the death rates go up)
What are the reasons for stage 1 dtm
Birth rates = cultural or religious beliefs encouraging high birth rates
Lack of contraception
Parents have lots of children to compensate for high infant mortality
Children to work the land
Death rates = high because of disease, poor diet, hygiene and little medical science
Give a present example of stage 1 dtm
Ethiopia
What are the reasons for stage 2 dtm
Birth rates = same as stage 1
Death rates= starts to decrease due to improvements in medical care, sanitation, and water supply
Give a present example of stage 2 dtm
India
What are the reasons for stage 3 dtm
Birth rates= start to decrease due to increased access to contraception
Infant mortality falls so less need to have large family
Industrialisation and mechanisation means less workers required
Wealth increased and people are more materialistic so want less children
Death rates=continue to fall developments such as underground sewers, medical developments such as penicillin and surgery
Give a present example of stage 3 of dtm
China
What are the reasons for stage 4 dtm
Birth rates - stay low because of reasons in stage 3
Death rates - stay low because of reasons in stage 3
Give a modern example of stage 4 dtm
USA
What are the reasons for stage 5 dtm
Birth rates= very low and countries suffer from low fertility
Materialism and desire for family size massively affect birth rates
Death rates= rise slightly as people die of natural causes
What influences population
Birth rates death rates and migration
What are three factors that cause population change
Births , deaths and migration
What is emigration
When people move away from a country
What is immigration
When people move to a country
What are population pyramids
represents the breakdown of the population by gender and age at a given point in time
What does does a wide base to a population pyramid indicate as opposed to wide bars at the top
Wide bars at the bottom show a young population whereas long bars at the top indicate an ageing population
What are 2 examples of anomalies in a population pyramid
a longer than expected bar may indicate a large amount of immigration at that age range
a shorter than expected bar may be due to war or famine
What pro natal strategies are used in the uk
child benefit payments, free childcare, and improved maternity and paternity leave.
