Population

Question 1

What is a demographic transition model

Answer 1

The demographic transitional model graphs birth rate, death rate and natural increase. The word demographic means population and transition relates to change therefore it proposes what should happen to a population over time

Question 2

What will happen to the population if birth rate is higher than death rate

Answer 2

The population will increase

Question 3

What will happen to the population if the death rate is greater than the birth rate

Answer 3

The population will naturally decrease

Question 4

How does the rate of natural increase compare in LDCs to MEDCs

Answer 4

The rate of natural increase is much higher in developing countries as many MEDs are actually experiencing population decline

Question 5

What is a LEDC

Answer 5

Less economically developed countries

Question 6

What are MEDCs

Answer 6

More economically developed countries

Question 7

How many stages are in the demographic transition model

Answer 7

5 stages

Question 8

What is stage one in the demographic transition model

Answer 8

High fluctuating (high death and birth rates)

Question 9

What is stage 2 in the demographic transition model

Answer 9

Early expanding (falling death rates but birth rates are still high)

Question 10

What is stage three in the demographic transition model

Answer 10

Late expanding (death rates are low and birth rates begin to fall)

Question 11

What is stage 4 in the demographic transition model

Answer 11

Low fluctuating (both mortality and birth rates are low)

Question 12

What is stage 5 in the demographic transitional model

Answer 12

Decline (birth rates remain low and the death rates go up)

Question 13

What are the reasons for stage 1 dtm

Answer 13

Birth rates = cultural or religious beliefs encouraging high birth rates
Lack of contraception
Parents have lots of children to compensate for high infant mortality
Children to work the land
Death rates = high because of disease, poor diet, hygiene and little medical science

Question 14

Give a present example of stage 1 dtm

Answer 14

Ethiopia

Question 15

What are the reasons for stage 2 dtm

Answer 15

Birth rates = same as stage 1
Death rates= starts to decrease due to improvements in medical care, sanitation, and water supply

Question 16

Give a present example of stage 2 dtm

Answer 16

India

Question 17

What are the reasons for stage 3 dtm

Answer 17

Birth rates= start to decrease due to increased access to contraception
Infant mortality falls so less need to have large family
Industrialisation and mechanisation means less workers required
Wealth increased and people are more materialistic so want less children
Death rates=continue to fall developments such as underground sewers, medical developments such as penicillin and surgery

Question 18

Give a present example of stage 3 of dtm

Answer 18

China

Question 19

What are the reasons for stage 4 dtm

Answer 19

Birth rates - stay low because of reasons in stage 3
Death rates - stay low because of reasons in stage 3

Question 20

Give a modern example of stage 4 dtm

Answer 20

USA

Question 21

What are the reasons for stage 5 dtm

Answer 21

Birth rates= very low and countries suffer from low fertility
Materialism and desire for family size massively affect birth rates
Death rates= rise slightly as people die of natural causes

Question 22

What influences population

Answer 22

Birth rates death rates and migration

Question 23

What are three factors that cause population change

Answer 23

Births , deaths and migration

Question 24

What is emigration

Answer 24

When people move away from a country

Question 25

What is immigration

Answer 25

When people move to a country

Question 26

What are population pyramids

Answer 26

represents the breakdown of the population by gender and age at a given point in time

Question 27

What does does a wide base to a population pyramid indicate as opposed to wide bars at the top

Answer 27

Wide bars at the bottom show a young population whereas long bars at the top indicate an ageing population

Question 28

What are 2 examples of anomalies in a population pyramid

Answer 28

a longer than expected bar may indicate a large amount of immigration at that age range
a shorter than expected bar may be due to war or famine

Question 29

What pro natal strategies are used in the uk

Answer 29

child benefit payments, free childcare, and improved maternity and paternity leave.