Urbanisation Flashcards
Mega city
A city with more than 10 million people
Metacity
More than 20 million people
Million city
More than 1 million people
Natural increase
When there are more births than deaths which causes growth in population
Pull factor
Reasons why people are attracted to an area
Push factor
Reasons why people move away from an area
Rural to urban migration
The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas
Urban growth
An increase in the number of urban dwellers
Caused by
Rural to urban migration
Natural increase
Urbanisation
An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas
Urban sprawl
The spread of an urban area into its countryside
Green belt
Area of land surrounding an urban area where development is restricted
Greenfield site
This is an area which has not previously been built on
Ribbon development
This is urban growth and expansion of suburbs
Suburbanisation
Movement of people from inner cities towards suburbs
Counter urbanisation
Movement of people from urban areas into small urban areas e.g. towns or rural areas
Rural-urban fringe
Area beyond the built up area of the town or city
Suburbanised village
A village within commuting distance which receives newcomers as a result of counter urbanisation
Deindustrialisation
The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector which occured in the uk un the 2nd half of the 20th century
Gentrification
Where individuals or groups buy and renovate properties in run down areas.
Urban resurgence
Economic and structural redevelopment of an area which has suffered from a period of decline
World city
An urban area that has influence over the whole world. Global centres for finance,trade,business and politics
Decentralisation
The movement of population and industry from urban centre to outlying areas
Quaternary sector
The sector of economy
Tertiary sector
The sector providing services
Bottom up
Where local people are supported in making decisions to undertake projects
Regeneration
Policies at tackling social,economic and environmental problems
Top down
When the decisions related to a project is made by central authority
Urban policy
Strategies chosen to manage the development of urban areas and reduce urban problems
Consequences of urbanisation
Urban sprawl
Shortage of housing
Lack of services and waste disposal
Unemployment
Transport issues
1979-1991 property led initiatives
London dock lands
Successes:
Effective in attracting new business to rundown areas
Attracted over 12 billion investment and 190,000 jobs
Failures
Didn’t tackle social problems
No suitable jobs or affordable housing
1991-1997 partnership schemes
Hulme city challenge partnership, Manchester
Successes
Improved over 40,000 houses and created 53,000 jobs
Failures
Resources were thinly spread over large areas
1997-200s area based initiatives
Davenport’s regeneration, Plymouth
Successes
Gaps with national and local authority had narrowed
32/36 core indicators improved
Failures
Education and unemployment wasn’t improved
