Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Contemporary Urban Environments > Urbanisation > Flashcards

Urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

Define urbanisation

A

The increase of the proportion of people moving to urban areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are urban areas

A

Towns or cities which have high population density and majority of employment is not in agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did urban populations begin to increase

A

Post 1800

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did urbanisation rates begin to grow rapidly

A

Mid 20th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many people live in urban areas

A

55%, 25% increase from 1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much are urban pop expected to increase to 2050

A

68%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the urban pop in 1950 and what is it now

A

Was 750 million
Now 4.2 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define suburbanisation

A

When wealthier people decide to move from the central city to suburbs in search of a better quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of a suburb and distance to city centre

A

Horsforth 6 miles away from leeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disadvantage of suburbanisation

A

Deprivation of city centre
Building into green belt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define counter urbanisation

A

The process of people moving out of cities into rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Push factors of city to rural

A

Pollution
Industrial areas
Economics decline
Overcrowding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pull factors to rural areas

A

Clean air
More slave
Value for housing
Countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Advantages of counter urbanisation

A

Forces inner cities to regenerate
Hells reduce house shortages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disadvantages of counter urbanisation

A

Higher rural house prices
More traffic
Conflict between residents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define urban resurgence

A

The process of people moving back into the city after the deterioration of the atea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does urban resurgence occur

A

When govt/councils schemes are put in place to improve the QOL, economy and wellbeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Negatives of resurgence

A

Can cause socioeconomic inequalities from gentrification
Excess wealth
Original pop can’t keep up with increasing prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a Megacity

A

Cities with a population of over 10 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What percent of mega cities are in NEES

A

66%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define world cities

A

Cities that have significant political and economic influence on a global scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Role of world cities

A

Drive global economics
Financial hubs
Influence social affairs
Transport links (globalisation)
Rich culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Social processes associated with urbanisation

A

Increasing multiculturalism
Cultural hubs
Access to jobs,education and healthcare
Wide rang of jobs to increase income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Economic processes associated with urbanisation

A

Shift in employment from primary to tertiary sector
Development Of businesses and industry
Economic inequalities
Higher cost of living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Demographic processes associated with urbanisation

A

Cultural diversity
Young pop looking for jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define urban sprawl

A

The expansion of a city into surrounding countryside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Negatives of urban sprawl

A

Decentralisation- edge cities
More fuel consumption
Higher demand for housing
Population ipgrowth
Stress on resources

28
Q

How did urbanisation change human affairs

A

Greater geographic mobility
Lower fertility
Longer life expectancy

29
Q

How do cities reduce poverty

A

Hold much of the national economic activity,
Government bodies,
Better health
Higher education

30
Q

5 consequences of urbanisation

A

Urban sprawl
Shortage of housing LICs
Lack of services and waste disposal
Unemployment and under employment
Transport issues

31
Q

Define gentrification

A

The buying and renovating of properties often in more run down areas by wealthier individuals

32
Q

Example of gentrification in an area

A

Notting hill

33
Q

What enabled wealthier people to move to the suburbs

A

Increase in purchasing of private cars
Railway lines
Growth of public transport systems

34
Q

What are green belts

A

Areas of open space and low density land use around towns where further development is strictly controlled

35
Q

What effected the controls on green belts

A

1950-60s increase in building council houses
1970s increased purchasing of houses and building of private estates

36
Q

Which industry does counterurbanisation benefit

A

Agricultural

37
Q

How does counterubanisation effect local rural services

A

They are forced to close down as urban businesses also move out
Also more people can commute the the centre so don’t need the local businesses

38
Q

Evidence for counterurbanisation

A

Increase use of commuter transport
Increased value of housing
Construction of executive housing
Conversions of buildings to housing

39
Q

Where and when did the Uk mainly suffer from deindustrialisation

A

In the 1970s, Manchester Leeds London and Birmingham

40
Q

How have these cities bounced back from deindustrialising

A

Developed strong financial industries
Attracted university students
And young proffesionals

41
Q

Example of a city which has undergone urban resurgence

A

The jewellery quarter brimingham

42
Q

Which processes contribute to urban resurgence

A

Government led schemes
Redevelopment in the private sector
Private investment
Globalisation and technological change

43
Q

Example of an event which resurgence took place

A

2012 London olympics in east london

44
Q

Negatives of resurgence

A

Displacement
Pressure on infrastructure

45
Q

Define de-industrialisation

A

The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector which occurred in the UK in the second half of the 20th century

46
Q

What three factors contributed to de-industrialisation

A

Mechanisation
Foreign competition
Reduced demand for traditional goods

47
Q

What are tertiary jobs

A

Financial services
Retailing
Transport
Education

48
Q

What are quaternary jobs

A

Knowledge/idea related jobs like computer programming or software designs

49
Q

What has fueled the service sector

A

Population growth
Supporting manufacturing industries
Societies becoming more technological
Societies becoming wealthier

50
Q

Economic impacts of de-industrialisation

A

Loss of jobs and personal incomes
Loss of tax income to authority
De-multiplier effect

51
Q

Name 3 different regeneration policies

A

UDCs - 1980s
City challenge - 1990s
New deal for communities - 2000s

52
Q

Aims/strategies of UDCs

A

Regenerate inner city areas
Businesses encouraged to invest
Attract private investment
Funding from ctrl govt

53
Q

Successes of UDCs

A

Attracted £12 billion in private sector investment
190,000 jobs nationally

54
Q

Failures of UDCs

A

Didn’t tackle social issues

55
Q

Example of UDCs

A

London docklands development corporation

56
Q

Strategies of city challenge

A

Cities compete with each other with their schemes for government regeneration grants

57
Q

Successes of city challenge

A

Improved 40,000 houses
Created. 53,000 jobs
Reclaimed 2,000 ha of derelict land

58
Q

Failures of city challenge

A

Resources spread thinly
Allocated on a competitive unfair basis

59
Q

City challenge example

A

Hulme city challenge partnership

60
Q

Strategies of new deal for communities

A

10 year strategic programmes to transform the most deprived neighbourhoods
Focus was on communities

61
Q

Successes of NDC

A

Improvements in crime,education,employment etc

62
Q

Example of NDC

A

Devenport regeneration company plymouth

63
Q

Define urban policy

A

The strategies chosen by local or central government to manage the development of urban areas and reduce urban problems

64
Q

Hulme city challenge key facts

A

Cost £37 million
Built 400 new houses

65
Q

Key facts Plymouth new deal

A

Received £72m private sector investment
£1m funding from MoD

66
Q

Key facts London docklands

A

Contemporary Urban Environments (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions