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Contemporary Urban Environments > Urban Forms And Socioeconomic Issues > Flashcards

Urban Forms And Socioeconomic Issues Flashcards

1
Q

What does urban form refer to

A

The physical characteristics,layout, size and land use of a city

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2
Q

Physical factors of urban forms

A

Natural resources- can encourage development
Water-barrier to growth, agriculture benefits
Topography - ease to build on
Climate- permafrost would be inpenetrable

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3
Q

Human factors of urban forms

A

Wealth and development
Planning
Patterns of growth (burgess model)
Economic activities

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4
Q

Name 4 new urban landscapes

A

Cultural and heritage quarters
Edge cities
Mixed use developments
Fortress developments

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5
Q

What cities are pmwc

A

Ones changing their industries architecture and land use to keep up with the socioeconomic changes

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6
Q

Characteristics of PMWCs

A

Unusual architecture e.g gherkin
Main sectors tertiary and quaternary
Fragmented
Socioeconomic inequality

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7
Q

5 reasons for gentrification

A

The rent gap
Changing household competition
Reducing commuting costs
Reputation of areas
Encouraged by council

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8
Q

Benefits of gentrification

A

Increased tax revenue
Increased prosperity of business
Improves environment

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9
Q

Costs of gentrification

A

Low income groups out priced
Threat to community
Tension
Loss to low order services

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10
Q

what are cultural and heritage quarters

A

Large areas recognised as having cultural importance, and historically important sites

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11
Q

What are fortress developments

A

Areas are secured off from public access, and only people with permission are allowed to entre

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12
Q

What are edge cities

A

An area of business,shops and entertainment usually by major transport links
They develop due to cheaper land being available outside the CBD

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13
Q

What are the causes of differences in land pattern between HICs and LICs

A

Speed of urbanisation
Wealth
Regulations

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14
Q

Where are high class residents located in LICs

A

Inner city e.g Mumbai millionaires

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15
Q

What are buildings like on the outside of cities in HICs

A

Suburban housing largely open spaces

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16
Q

What is residential buildings like in outside of cities LICS

A

Slums, rapid urbanisation and poverty driven
Poor quality housing

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17
Q

Negatives of fortress landscapes

A

Alienation
Segregation
Inequality

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18
Q

Issues of economic inequality

A

Physical segregation
Deprivation of areas
Hig unemployment
Poor access to education

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19
Q

City in UK which is economic inequal

A

London (west and east)

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20
Q

What can emerge as a consequence of economic inequality

A

Gang activity
Antisocial crime
Low unemployment/economic growth

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21
Q

Why might low income areas have bad access to education and jobs

A

Poor transport links

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22
Q

What drives creation of cultural diversity

A

International migration

23
Q

Why do people migrate

A

Better work opportunities
Services
Higher quality of life

24
Q

Issues that arise due to cultural diversity

A

Low tolerance - prejudice behaviour
Under representation (food shops,worship areas)
Lack of resources e.g. multiple languages of info sharing

25
Q

Define social segregation

A

Where groups of people live apart due to the factors such as wealth ethnicity religion or age

26
Q

Issues of social segregation

A

Derogatory stereotypes of areas
Isolation
Neglected by government

27
Q

Strategies to manage urban issues

A

City minimum wages e.g London and New York however some LICs don’t even have MW

Fair rent and housing policies e.g Mauor of London promised 17,00 0 a year affordable houses

Recognising informal housing issues

Emcouragin multiculturalism

28
Q

3 general regeneration policies

A

Retraining workers (issue of structural unemployment)
Tax levying for investment
Environmental regulations

29
Q

Benefits of government investing on infrastructure

A

Maintain growth and improve the accessibility to regeneration regions

30
Q

Define re-urbanisation

A

The large scale govt backed movement of people into the city centre as part of regeneration

31
Q

Trends in re urbanisation

A

Young professionals
Relaxed development rights
Studentification
Entertainment districts
Effective public transport

32
Q

What has led to rapid rise of mega cities

A

Globalisation and economic competition

33
Q

What does population growth not match

A

Growth in resources and infrastructure

34
Q

Characteristics if mega cities

A

Diversified employment markets
Opportunity to expand access to services
Higher levels of education and healthcare

35
Q

Characteristics of a world city

A

High employment in info service sector
High quality educational institutions
Political decision making powers
Domination of trade of a large surrounding areas
Centre of innovation

36
Q

Where did industrial areas develop

A

Close to rivers for power and transportation
Flat land

37
Q

What is the PVLI

A

Peak land value intersection where land value is highest and it decreases out from that poiny

38
Q

Land use in the CBD

A

Shops, offices, emtertainment

39
Q

Land use in the inner city

A

Old housing and light manufacturing

40
Q

What is the rent gap (gentrification)

A

When the price of the property has fallen below its real value usually due to lack of maintenance

41
Q

How much did Liverpool city council sell homes for in 2013

A

£1

42
Q

Strategies adopted for fortress landscapes

A

cctv
Railings and fencing
Mosquito alarms

43
Q

What are edge cities a result of

A

Urban sprawl

44
Q

Where and why has edge cities emerged the most

A

USA
Increased car ownership
Planning restrictions in suburbs

45
Q

How many edge cities in LA

A

20

46
Q

Main consequence of edge cities

A

Social segregation

47
Q

What is meant by the term postmodernism

A

Changes that took place in western society and culture in late 20th century

48
Q

What are the seven dimensions of deprivation (IMD)

A

Income, employment, health deprivation, education, crime, barriers to housing and services, living environment

49
Q

Difference between poverty and inequality

A

Poverty - an absolute term, level of deprivation that does not change over time
Inequality - a relative term, referring to differences between people over geographic distribution

50
Q

Why is their greater cultural diversity in cities

A

Greater range of employment
First point of entry
Specialist ethnic shops

51
Q

Issues of cultural diversity

A

Extra pressure in stretched urban resources
Lack of bilingual literature
Catering for specific illnesses

52
Q

Reasons for ethnic segregation

A

Source of cheap labour forces them to cheap housing areas
Less successful, in securing mortgage loans
Hostility from majority of population
White flight - detroit

53
Q

How has the UK try to resolve ethnic segregation

A

Legislation on anti racism and employment rights

Contemporary Urban Environments (7 decks)

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