Urban World Flashcards
What is a Brownfield site?
Land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use
Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city.
Define dereliction.
Abandoned buildings and wasteland.
What are economic opportunities?
Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment.
What is a Greenfield site?
A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development.
What are inequalities?
Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education.
What do integrated transport systems aim to achieve?
Connect different transport methods, making journeys smoother and public transport more appealing.
What is a mega-city?
An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people.
Define migration.
When people move from one area to another.
What is natural increase?
The birth rate minus the death rate of a population.
What is pollution?
The presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effect on an environment.
Define rural-urban fringe.
A zone of transition between the build-up area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use.
What is sanitation?
Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the disposal of sewage and waste.
What is social deprivation?
The degree to which an individual or an area is deprived of services, decent housing, adequate income and local employment.
What are social opportunities?
Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and healthcare.
Fill in the blank: A __________ site is land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use.
Brownfield
True or False: Mega-cities are urban areas with a population greater than five million.
False
What is a squatter settlement?
An area of port-quality housing, lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously and illegally in a city in an LIC.
What defines sustainable urban living?
A sustainable city is one with minimal damage to the environment, a sound economic base with fair resource allocation and secure jobs, and a strong sense of community involvement in decision-making.
What are the aims of sustainable urban living?
The use of renewable resources, energy efficiency, use of public transport, and accessible resources and services.
What is traffic congestion?
Occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, causing traffic jams and slowing to a crawl.
What is urban greening?
The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas.
What is urbanisation?
The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities. Rapid urbanisation is a feature of many LICs and NEEs.
What is urban regeneration?
The revival of old parts of the build-up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (renewal) or opting for redevelopment (demolishing existing buildings and starting afresh).
What is urban sprawl?
The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.
What is waste recycling?
The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste.
What are the 2 ways in which a population can grow?
1) Natural increase - birth rates
2) Migration
What does sparsely populated mean?
Few people
What does densely populated mean?
Lots of people
Name 10 push factors.
- Pollution - War
- Crime - Weather
- Expensive - Risk of Hazard
- Over populated - Corruption
- Pollution - Discrimination
- Poor education - Low paying job
Name 10 pull factors.
- Landscape - Kind people
- Good education - Modern
- Culture - Less extra weather
- History - Fertile soil
- Job opportunities - Free healthcare
- Less congestion - Less congestion
When did Rio hosts the World Cup and Olympics
World Cup: 2014
Olympics: 2016
What Wonder of the World is in Rio?
The statue of Christ the Redeemer
What are the main service industries in Rio?
- Banking
- Finance
- Insurance
How many airports and ports does Rio have?
It has 3 airports and 5 ports
What type of land are Favelas built on?
They are built on marginal land on hilly mountains. It’s steep and uneven.
What are the houses in the Favelas made of?
The houses are made out of scraps like old bricks and pieces of metal. They have make-shift houses. Lack of building regulations.
What problems do they face in the Favelas?
- Kids can’t go to school because of shootings.
- There are high crime rates (many gangs)
- Constantly loud because of congestion.
- Corrupt police that invade people’s house.
What are the social challenges in Rio? (4)
- Education
- Healthcare
- Water supply
- Energy
How many favelas does Rio have?
1,000 favelas
What percentage of people in Rio live in favelas?
20%
How murders in Rio per 100,000 people?
37 murders per 100,000 people
3 times more murders in Rio than the USA
What is the population density in Rio?
37,000 people per square kilometres
What is the life expectancy in Rio (city vs slums)
In the city the life expectancy can be 80 while in slums is 45-50
What are the problems with housing in Rio?
- Houses are easily washed away by the heavy rain and mud
- Houses may be cramped and poorly built
- Houses are built on dangerous slopes
What are the solutions to housing in Rio?
- Local authorities provide residents with materials to create houses
- Walls made of brick instead of junk
- Secured the hillside to try and reduce landslides
- Set aside £200 million to help out 60 of 600 favelas
What are the problems with water supply in Rio?
- 12% of Rio’s population lacks access to clean water
- 37% of clean water is lost through leaky pipes and illegal access
What are the solutions to water supply in Rio?
- Money saved can be spent on water
- 300km of standpipes were laid meaning diseases decrease
- By 2014, 95% of the population had access to water
What are the problems with healthcare in Rio?
- All housing has basic sanitation, plumbing and electricity
- 30% of the population in Rio is not connected to a formal sanitation system
- 67.3% of Rio has access to proper sanitation
- Sewage often runs in open drains
- Has one of the highest rate of leprosy with 50,000 new cases each year
- Only 2 clinics so high rates of turboculosis, AIDS and leprosy
What are the solutions to healthcare in Rio?
- Now created waste collection services
- The government set up basic health services with doctors
- 300km of sewage pipes
What are the problems with education in Rio?
- Children miss school due to poor sanitation
- 8.4% of people are illiterate
- Only 50% of kids continue education beyond 14 and even less in Rochina
What are the solutions to education in Rio?
- A university has been opened
- More schools have been set up
- The Developing Minds Foundation builds schools and supports education programmes in favelas
- The School of Tomorrow programs set up for online school in favelas
What is the problem with energy in Rio?
There is poor LEGAL electricity in Rio
What are the solutions to energy in Rio?
- 60km of new electricity cables have been installed
- US gave $2 billion to build the Simplicio Hydroelectric Complex (dam) which has increased Rio’s energy supple by 30%
Where is Rochina?
Rochina is in the west of Rio’s main industrial city and ports. It’s near and on the mountains. It’s west of the Copacabana beach where the most tourists go.
Rochina is in land from Vidigal. It’s in the south zone between the districts of Sao Conrado and Guave.
Rochina is the biggest slum in Rio
When did Rio stop being Brazil’s capital?
It was Brazil’s capital until 1960 and was changed to Brasilia
What are some of Rio main attractions?
- Rio has 50 museums
- Has a famous annual carnival which is one of the world’s biggest music and dance celebrations
What is the North Zone in Rio?
The city’s main industrial and port areas
What is Rio’s economy like?
- 6% of Brazil’s employment is in Rio
- The growth of Rio’s economy has led to massive companies from all over Brazil and South America moving their offices to the city
- The World Cup and Olympics helped contribute to Rio’s economic growth
What are Rio’s main economic challenges?
- Informal work
- Unemployment
- Crime
