Urban Tourism strategy

Question 1

Mass tourism

Answer 1

The business of providing tours and services to large numbers of tourists
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Question 2

Origin of Modern Mass Tourism

Answer 2

• Grand Tour by 17th century European aristocrats
• Railroad excursions of Cook’s Tours of the 1850s
• Mass transportation (railroad) and guided tours reduced a city to monuments, historical sites and cultural facilities
• Tour operators provided fixed itineraries
• Cities demystified into manageable parts
• Cities interpreted by guidebooks/guides

Question 3

What are the 3 elements of tourism

Answer 3

The tourist

the tourism industry

The cities

Question 4

The tourist

Answer 4

—Seek escape in many forms
—Seek the authentic
—Visit established sites
—Visit “sacred objects”
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Question 5

The trourism industry

Answer 5

The network of institutions that supply services to the tourist.

—Distribution Channels (the Internet, travel agents, wholesalers, tour operator, meeting planners)
—Transportation
—Accommodations
—Attractions and entertainment
—Infrastructure
—Information/Visitor Services

Question 6

The tourist gaze

Answer 6

—The Tourist Gaze – The process by which tourists are coached on how to “see” or “gaze” on the places they visit. Tourists are told where to go and what to see.
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Question 7

The cities

Answer 7

Cities: Dreamscapes of visual consumption…

—Historic buildings and places, architecture
—Heritage and culture
—Commercial and industrial areas
—Renovated waterfronts
—Contemporary architecture
—Historic districts
—Themed environments
—Enclave spaces
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Question 8

Enclave spaces

Answer 8

—Spaces that envelop the traveler so that he/she only moves inside secured, protected and normalized environments

Question 9

Condition of US cities in the 1960s

Answer 9

—Older industrial US cities “blighted”
—Clearance projects
—Urban Renewal –

Late 1940s-1970s, government effort to revitalize aging and decaying inner cities… including massive demolition, slum clearance, and building of public housing

—Cities Crime, riots, social unrest
—Buzz words: inner city, ghetto, welfare, underclass
—Positive images of cities erased
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Question 10

Foundation of Urban Tourism as Economic Renewal

Answer 10

—Suburbanization and white flight
—Loss of manufacturing jobs 1960-1970s
—Reduced industrial production
—Historic preservation

Question 11

Tourism as an Economic strategy for Cities

Answer 11

—Cities now spaces of service consumption
—Services, not traditional industries, are impetus of growth
—Cities transformed
—Cities marketed and sold
—Cities Gentrified
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Question 12

Gentrification

Answer 12

— socio-cultural changes in an area resulting from wealthier people buying housing property in a less prosperous community; wealthy r displacing the poor

Question 13

Forces That Drive Tourism

Answer 13

—Few barriers to entry
—Jobs/Income
—Potential for huge profits
—Taxes
—“Multiplier effect”

Question 14

Cities as a place of consumption

Answer 14

—Cities are adapting their “product” to the market
—Cities “commodified” – sold as a good/product
—Tourist-historic cities
—Aggressive competition
—Construct new image of cities as places of leisure and play

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Question 15

Commodification

Answer 15

—Cities “commodified” – sold as a good/product
Tourist-historic

Question 16

Sameness and diversity

Answer 16

—Cities are more alike
—Cities remain different
—Cities have nuances
—Real people in tourist locales