urban theories and practices Flashcards
urban theories and practices
• garden cities
• city beautiful movement
• new capitals
• city of towers
• broadacres
• radical urban ideas
• contemporary world urbanization
author of “tomorrow: a peaceful path to social reform” later retitled as “Garden Cities of Tomorrow”
ebenezer howard
one of the most important books of urban planning
Garden Cities of Tomorrow
clustered with a mother town of 58,000 to 65,000 with a smaller “garden cities” of 30,000 to 32,000 each with permanent green space separating the cities with the towns serving as horizontal fence of farmland
The Garden City Movement
rails and roads would link the towns with industries and nearby towns with industries and nearby towns supplying fresh food
The Garden City Movement
advocated the concept of the ‘social city’
The Garden City Movement
polycentric settlement, growth without limit, surrounded by a greenbelt, town grows by cellular addition into a complex
The Garden City Movement
depicted both the city and the countryside had an indissoluble mixture of advatages and disasvantages
the 3 magnets
combined the advantages of the town by way of access and all the the advantages of the country by way of environment without any disadvantages of either
Garden City
achieved by planned decentralized of workers and their places of employment, thus transferring the advantage of urban agglomeration en bloc to new settlement
Garden City
The Garden City Association was established by Howard in?
1899
first Garden city designed by Raymund Unwin & Barry Parker in 1902
Letchworth
Followers of Howard
> Sir Frederick Osborne
Raymund Unwin
Barry Parker
opened in 1907; meant only for housing but with a variety of open space instead of greenbelts
Hampstead Garden Suburbs
called the 3rd garden city
Wythenshawe
The City Beautiful Era
1900-1945
father of american city planning
Daniel Burnham
influenced by the world fairs of the late 19th century
The City Beautiful Era
emphasis was on grand formal designs, with wide boulevards, civic spaces, arts etc
The City Beautiful Era
credited for the designs of san francisco and cleveland
Daniel Burnham
Golden era of urban designs of US
The City Beautiful Era (1900-1945)
the city was totally designed system of main circulation arteries, a network of parks and clusters or focal buildings or building blocks of civic centers, including city hall, court house, museum, plaza
The City Beautiful Era
total concentration on the monumental and superficial, on architecture as symbols of power, and an almost lack of interest on wider social purpose of planning
The City Beautiful Era
worked on the reconstruction of paris;
Baron George Eugene Hausmann
new capitals
• brasilia ( previous rio de janeiro)
• chandigarh
designed by lucio costa with a lot of influence from le corbusier, plans schemes did not include single population projection
brasilia
two huge axes in the sign of a cross, one for gov’t, commerce, entertainment, the other residential
Brasilia
Designed Brasilia
Lucio Costa
the city has been both acclaimed and criticized for its use of modernist architecture on grand scale and its utopian city plan
brasilia
the only realized plan of le corbusier, an og masterplan of albert myer
chandigarh (india)
regular grid of major roads for rapid transport surrounding residential superblocks or sections each
chandigarh (india)
the size of rectangle in each superblocks ????)
800x1200 meters
whole plan represents a large scale application of the radburn principle regulized by le corbusier
chandigarh (india)
radburn idea of newtown idea was to create a series of superblocks
clarence stein
typified by the backyard homes facing the street and the fronts of home facing each other
radburn design
basic layout of community
• super block concept
• cul-de-sac (cluster) grouping
• interior parklands
• separation of vehicle and pedestrian traffic to promote safety
the neighborhood unit is by
clarence perry (1929)
certains services which are provided everyday for groups of population who can’t or dont travel far, provided with accessible central place for small community w/in walking distance
The Neighborhood Unit
defined as the physical environment wherein social, cultural, educational and commerical are w/in rich w/ each other
The Neighborhood Unit
concerns self sustainability of smaller units
The Neighborhood Unit
principle based on the natural catchment of community facilities such as primary schools and local shops
The Neighborhood Unit
popularly known as le cobursier
Charles-Eduoard Jeanneret
the city of towers was conceptualized by le cobursier in his book ?
The Cities of Tomorrow
super building with 337 dwellings in 10 acres of land
The City of Towers
proposed “La Ville Radieuse (Radiant City) anchored on objective to decongest the center of our cities by building high on small part of total ground area
le corbusier
high rise offices and residential buildings with a greenbelt population of 3M
Le Contemporaine ( The City of Towers)
in the 1930s, he wrote the Disappearing City and later Broadacres
Frank Lloyd Wright
mass transport by car would allow cities to spread widely into countryside
broadacres
homes woudl be connected to superhighways
broadacres
easy and fast travel by car to any direction
broadacres
proposed to house significant amount of Manhattan residents to free up space in Greenfields
Mile High Tower
